两种育苗模式对草莓花芽分化及果实生长发育的影响  

Effect of two propagation systems on flower bud differentiation and development of strawberry fruit

作　　者：万春雁[1] 糜林[1] 霍恒志[1] 李金凤[1] 陈丙义[1] 陈雪平[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所,江苏句容212400

出　　处：《果树学报》2015年第6期1179-1186,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：江苏省自主创新资金项目(CX(12)5065)

摘　　要：【目的】揭示2种育苗模式对草莓花芽分化及果实生长发育的影响。【方法】以草莓优良品种‘红颜’为试材,比较传统地面避雨育苗(CK)和水平架式穴盘基质避雨育苗(NEW)模式下的花芽分化、植物形态、物候期、果实性状等指标的变化特征。【结果】NEW模式下花芽分化早;CK的有机碳(C)、全氮(N)含量总体都高于NEW,CK的C/N比值平稳,NEW的C/N比值在花芽孕育的集中期快速增长;CK的GA、IAA含量显著高于NEW,NEW的ABA含量先上升后小幅下降,NEW的CTK含量一直上升,但含量低于CK;NEW的ABA/GA高于CTK/GA,ABA/IAA高于CTK/IAA,但变化趋势较为相近;CK的各项植株形态指标都高于NEW,CK第1批花序的物候期均较NEW相应退后;NEW模式下可溶性固形物含量、硬度与CK相当,NEW的前期产量显著高于CK,占总产量的48.2%,中、后期产量以CK为高,总产量都达380.0 g·株-1。【结论】NEW模式下的花芽分化早,早期产量高,合适的C/N比值可以促进草莓的花芽分化,ABA/IAA可以解释草莓花芽分化的机制。[Objective] This study aimed to find the effect of different nursery production method on flower bud differentiation and development of strawberry and the physiological mechanism of flower bud differentiation for early ripening cultivation. [Methods] The cultivar ＇Benihoppe＇ （Fragaria ananassa Duch.） was used as experimental material to compare the traditional tunnel model （CK） with the horizontal shelf with matrix-plugs （NEW）. Both the models were under the condition of rainproof. The contents of C, N and the endogenous hormone （GA, IAA, ABA and CTK） were measured during the flower bud differentiation and fruit development. Fresh and dry fruit weight, plant height and crown diameter, phonological phase, fruit quality and yield were also investigated at different stages. [Results]The timing of flower bud differentiation in NEW treatment was on 9 August to 19 August which was earlier, while CK had no flower bud differentiation before 24 August. CK had a high content of C, N than NEW, and CK had a stable trend of C/N ratio while NEW had a uprising trend from 9 August to 19 August. CK had a significant higher content of GA and IAA than NEW. ABA content of NEW increased in the beginning, , then dropped down after 19 August, while CTK kept a uprising trend during the whole process, but CTK content of NEW was lower than that of CK. Hormones ratio was also closely related to the flower bud differentiation of strawberry, the ratio of ABA/GA was higher than CTK/GA, so did ABA/IAA to CTK/IAA. The trends of ABA/IAA showed firstly increasing , then decreasing and eventually stable, and the maximal value was up to 0.73. Every plant morphological index of CK was higher than that of NEW, but the budding date, full flowering date, beginning harvesting date of NEW was 37 d, 39 d, 44 d earlier than that of CK, respectively. There was no significant difference in the firmness and soluble solids content of the fruit between CK and NEW. The average single fruit weight of CK was bigger than NEW. NEW exhibited the s

关 键 词：草莓 花芽分化 早熟化栽培 C/N 内源激素 激素比值 

分 类 号：S668.4[农业科学—果树学]