法医降解生物检材DNA分型研究进展  

Research Progress on Genotyping Degraded Biological Samples

作　　者：刘宇轩[1,2] 郑君尧 张文琼[1] 黄代新[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院法医学系,武汉430030 [2]随县公安局,湖北随州441300 [3]老河口市公安局,湖北老河口441800

出　　处：《刑事技术》2015年第6期489-492,共4页Forensic Science and Technology

摘　　要：生物检材会受到各种内外因素的影响,DNA通过酶解、氧化、水解、辐射等机制降解,导致STR分型出现Ladder-like条带、Sutter峰、等位基因不平衡扩增及丢失、PCR编码错误等等。国内外学者就降解生物检材进行了大量研究,主要是缩短扩增片段长度,提高降解生物检材分型成功率,开发出miniSTR,SNP和InDels等试剂盒。一些学者关注PCR前处理技术,如大片段回收技术,利用DNA修复酶修复损伤DNA的DNA修复技术等。还有学者关注PCR后纯化技术。随着科技的进步,一些新的技术如下一代测序技术、全基因扩增技术也被用来处理降解DNA样本。本文就DNA降解机制、降解DNA对分型的影响、降解DNA定量及分型检测等方面的进展作一简要综述。Human biological specimens collected from crime scenes are usually affected by internal and environmental factors, such as heat, humidity, UV light and enzymes. Under these circumstances, DNA is usually damaged from enzymatic degradation, oxidation, hydrolysis or radiation, resulting in a variety of undesired occurrence for profile interpretation like ladder-like pattern, stutter peak, heterozygote peak imbalance or allelic drop-out and PCR miscoding lesions. To cope with this difficulty, numerous strategies have been devised to tackle these problems. The most important strategies aiming at shorter sized amplicons, were used to increase the efficiency to type degraded DNA. Presently, forensic kits comprising of mini-STRs, SNPs and InDels are increasingly developed and established for routine case work. Besides, some researchers have developed pre-amplification large fragment recovery methods or DNA repair technology to mend the damaged DNA with assistance of relevant enzymes. Others focused on post-PCR purification protocol to enhance the DNA genotyping rate. In addition, some novel technologies, for example, next-generation sequencing and whole genome amplification, are used to deal with DNA- degraded samples. In this paper, we discuss the mechanisms of DNA degradation and their impact on genotyping, and describe the progress on the quantification of degraded DNA together with the methods for genotyping and other aspects.

关 键 词：法医物证学 降解生物检材 DNA分型 

分 类 号：D919.2[医药卫生—法医学]