上海国际旅行者狂犬病暴露前免疫情况分析  

Pre-exposure Rabies Prophylaxis among International Travelers in Shanghai

作　　者：周璇[1] 秦佳[1] 李俊[1] 章琪[1] 邹毓文[1] 方筠[1] 周启明[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海国际旅行卫生保健中心,上海200335

出　　处：《中国疫苗和免疫》2015年第4期432-435,共4页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

摘　　要：目的根据上海国际旅行卫生保健中心（Shanghai International Travel Healthcare Center,SITHC）完成狂犬病暴露前免疫（Pre-exposure Prophylaxis,Pr EP）国际旅行者的相关数据,分析完成接种的国际旅行者的人群特征和相关影响因素,探讨在国际旅行者中开展Pr EP的必要性和重要性。方法回顾性分析2009年9月-2013年9月在SITHC完成Pr EP旅行者的相关情况。结果共有579名国际旅行者纳入研究,其中男性354人,占61.14%;女性225人,占38.86%。≥15岁464人,占80.14%。未婚330人,占56.99%;已婚249人,占43.01%。因旅行户外运动致狂犬病暴露风险增加进行接种的149人,占25.73%;长期生活在狂犬病高度流行地区要求接种的362人,占62.52%;可能接触狂犬病病毒的高风险职业进行接种的68人,占11.75%。14.16%的受种者来自发展中国家,85.84%来自发达国家。在接种人群中,目的地为狂犬病高风险地区的旅行人数（93.61%）远高于前往中（3.80%）、低风险（2.59%）地区人数。结论人群间Pr EP认知及态度存在差异,且受多种因素影响。Pr EP对具有狂犬病暴露风险的旅行者具有重要意义。Objective To determine characteristics and influencing factors of international travelers who finished pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis（ Pr EP） in Shanghai international travel healthcare center（ SITHC）,and to discuss the necessity and importance of implementing Pr EP among international travelers. Methods We obtained relevant data from SITHC medical charts of international travelers who came for Pr EP between 2009 September and 2013 September. Results A total of 579 international travelers requesting Pr EP was included. Of these,354 were male and 225 were female（ 61. 14% vs 38. 86%）;330 were single and 249 were married（ 56. 99% vs 43. 01%）; and 464（ 80. 14%） were over 15 years old. There were 149（ 25. 73%） person with increased exposure risk of outdoor sports; 362（ 62. 52%）had long-term stays in endemic areas; 68（ 11. 75%） had work-related exposure; and 14. 16%（ 82）were from developing countries while 85. 84%（ 497） from developed countries. The percentages of subjects travelling to high,middle,and low-risk areas were 93. 61%,3. 80%,and 2. 59%,respectively.Conclusion Health awareness and attitude of Pr EP varied among people and was influenced by certain factors. Pr EP is important for every traveler with rabies exposure risk.

关 键 词：狂犬病 暴露前免疫 国际旅行者 

分 类 号：R512.99[医药卫生—内科学] R186[医药卫生—临床医学]