强化混凝过滤后饮用水氯化消毒副产物的致癌风险评价  

Carcinogenic Risk of Chlorinated Disinfection By-products in Water Treated by Enhanced Coagulation and Filtration Technology

作　　者：陈康 

机构地区：[1]芜湖市卫生局卫生监督局

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2015年第5期452-456,共5页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

摘　　要：目的评价芜湖市城市生活饮用水在强化混凝过滤工艺后氯化消毒副产物（Cl-DBPs）的致癌风险。方法监测2012—2014年芜湖市三个市政水厂出厂水,应用美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价模型,基于国内暴露参数调查数据分儿童、青少年、中年和老年人四个年龄段合计终生单位体重平均暴露剂量,评价居民饮用水中8种Cl-DBPs所引起的致癌风险。结果饮用水中8种Cl-DBPs中有3种终生致癌风险值在10^-6~10^-4区间,风险值大小依次为二氯一溴甲烷（BDCM）〉一氯二溴甲烷（DBCM）〉二氯乙酸（DCAA）,致癌风险主要来源于BDCM的基因毒性。除BDCM的终生致癌风险值（1.08×10^-5）略高于世界卫生组织推荐的可耐受终生致癌风险上限（10^-5）外,DBCM、DCAA处于10^-6~10^-5区间,其它5种Cl-DBPs的终生致癌风险在10^-6水平以下。结论通过在常规净水工艺基础上采用强化混凝过滤工艺,以长江水为水源的净水企业可以将cl-DBPs的终生致癌风险控制在可耐受水平以内。Objective To assess the carcinogenic risks of chlorinated disinfection by-products（ Cl-DBPs） in treated water by using an enhanced coagulation and filtration technology. Methods Water samples were collected from the waterworks in Wuhu in 2012—2014. Eight Cl-DBPs were monitored. Based on the existing survey data on the aggregated exposure of children,adolescents,middle-aged and elderly in China,the carcinogenic risk was evaluated by the method recommended by US Environmental Protection Agency. Results The lifetime carcinogenic risk of three Cl-DBPs,bromodichloromethane（ BDCM）,dibromochloromethane（ DBCM） and dichloroacetic acid（ DCAA）,were in the range of 10^- 6~ 10^- 4,and the rank of risks was BDCM DBCM DCAA. The major source of carcinogenic risk was from the genetic toxicity caused by BDCM. Except the carcinogenic risk of BDCM（ 1. 08 ×10^- 5） was just over the upper limit of tolerable risk（ 10- 5） recommended by the World Health Organization,the carcinogenic risk of DBCM and DCAA were at the range of 10^- 6~ 10^- 5,the carcinogenic risk of other 5 Cl-DBPs were less than 10^- 6. Conclusion Based on the conventional process,waterworks could apply the enhanced coagulation and filtration technology for using Yangtze River water as water source; the lifetime cancer risks caused by ClDBPs in treated water can be controlled under the upper limit of tolerable risks.

关 键 词：饮用水 强化混凝过滤 消毒副产物 暴露参数 致癌风险评价 

分 类 号：R123[医药卫生—环境卫生学]