医院感染现患率调查研究  

Study on prevalence rate of nosocomial infections

作　　者：王蓉[1] 王勤章[2] 张粝文 王丽娟[1] 陈文娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆石河子大学医学院第一附属医院病案统计科,新疆石河子832008 [2]新疆石河子大学医学院第一附属医院泌尿外科,新疆石河子832008

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2015年第23期5393-5395,共3页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

基　　金：中华医院感染控制研究基金资助项目(ZHYG2014-0031)

摘　　要：目的探讨某三级甲等医院近5年医院感染状况,为临床预防治疗提供参考依据。方法采用横断面调查2011-2015年每年2月1日内的所有住院患者医院感染现患率,数据采用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析。结果 5年共调查5 626例患者,发生医院感染现患率逐年降低,从2011年的6.10%下降至2015年的2.53%,差异统计学有意义(P<0.05);其中医院感染现患率最高的为ICU,其次为烧伤科和泌尿外科;医院感染发生部位主要为下呼吸道,其次为泌尿道,感染发生率较低的为抗生素相关性腹泻、腹水感染;5年内各科室抗菌药物使用率逐年降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中普通外科、泌尿外科、骨科、心胸外科、烧伤科、神经外科、妇产科、ICU、五官科、儿科、呼吸内科抗菌药物的使用率较高。结论近5年内医院感染现患率和各科室抗菌药物使用率逐渐降低,医院感染发生部位主要为下呼吸道和泌尿道,因而在临床中应当加强对呼吸道和泌尿道的监管,合理使用抗菌药物,预防医院感染的发生。OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of nosocomial infections in a three-A hospital in the past five years so as to provide guidance for clinical prevention and treatment. METHODS The cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence of nosocomial infections in all the hospitalized patients on every Feb 1 from 2011 to 2015, and the statistical analysis was performed with the use of SPSS 17.0 software. RESULTS A total of 5 626 patients were investigated in the five years, and the prevalence rate of nosocomial infections dropped from 6.10% in 2011 to 2.53% in 2015 （P〈0.05）; the prevalence rate of nosocomial infection was the highest in the ICU, followed by the burn department and urology department. The lower respiratory tract was the predominant infection site, followed by the urinary tract. The incidence of antibiotic-related diarrhea or ascites infection was relatively low. The utilization rate of antibiotics was decreased year by year in the five years, there was significant difference（P〈0.05）, and the utilization rate of antibiotics was relatively high in the department of general surger- y, department of urology, department of orthopedics, department of cardiothoracic surgery, burn department, de- partment of neurosurgery, department of gynecology, ICU, department of ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngolo- gy, pediatrics department, and department of respiratory medicine. CONCLUSION The prevalence rate of nosoco- mial infections and the utilization rate of antibiotics are decreased year by year in the five years. The lower respira- tory tract and urinary tract are the major infection sites, thus, it is necessary for the hospital to strengthen the su- pervision of the respiratory tract and urinary tract and reasonably use antibiotics so as to prevent the nosocomial in- fections.

关 键 词：三级甲等医院 医院感染 现患率 抗菌药物 

分 类 号：R181.32[医药卫生—流行病学]