环境影响下旅游者管理国外研究综述  

A Review of Researches Abroad on Tourist Management from Environmental Perspective

作　　者：吴小伟[1,2] 仲崇庆[1] 邹欣庆[2] 黄巧华[3] 

机构地区：[1]淮阴师范学院历史文化旅游学院,江苏淮安223300 [2]南京大学地理与海洋学院,南京210023 [3]江苏师范大学研究生院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《地域研究与开发》2015年第6期89-97,共9页Areal Research and Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(14BZS040);江苏省高校哲学社会科学基金项目(2015SJB686)

摘　　要：数量快速增长的旅游者给旅游地带来巨大经济利益的同时也带来了各种负面环境影响。旅游者对旅游地环境的影响及旅游行为的管理已成为当前业界关注的焦点。基于美国加州州立大学图书馆丰富的文献数据库资源,包括EBSCO,Pro Quest,Emerald,SAGE,Cambridge Journals Online,Taylor&Francis Online等,从我国当前旅游发展的迫切需要出发,对国外文献中关于旅游者管理相关的研究进行梳理分析,提出旅游者管理研究的框架思路,试图为景区及旅游行政管理部门提供参考和指导。国外旅游者管理已基本形成一套包括旅游承载力、游憩机会谱、可接受改变极限、游客影响管理、旅游者活动过程管理等理论框架。国外旅游者管理研究多开展于旅游发达国家,主要集中于国家级景区。相应旅游者管理研究主要从景区角度与旅游者角度出发,分别采用被动强制式管理与主动引导式管理。从景区角度出发的被动强制式管理措施包括空间管理策略、入口管理策略、交通管制等,强调旅游者对实施相关管理措施的态度与意见反馈;从旅游者角度出发的主动引导式管理重视旅游者感知、行为,相应的管理措施包括解说服务的完善升级、休闲娱乐经验预先告之、旅游者环保教育的灵活开展等。Nowadays increasing tourists bring huge economic benefits to destinations as well as bring about all kinds of negative environmental impacts. The influence of tourists on the tourism environment and tourism behavior management increasingly attracted extensive attention of the researchers. Based on database of EBSCO, ProQuest, Emerald, SAGE, Cambridge journals online, Taylor ＆ Francis online in the library of California State University Fullerton, this paper reviewed and teased out the environtal impacts which were brought by tourists and kinds of mainly management which were adopted by these destinations, aiming to provide reference and guidance for tourist management urgently desiderating in the Chinese mainland. The study found that tourist management researches abroad were mostly carried out in tourism developed countries, almost all concentrated in national scenic spots, and have formed a basic theoretical framework, including carrying capacity, recreation opportunity spectrum, limits of acceptable change, visitor impact management, visitor activity management process and so on. Tourists brought multiple en- vironmental impacts on abroad destinations, such as crowding, littering, trampling, which were similar occurred in domestical senic spots. Then a series of management strategies and tools were taken into accounting to solve or mitigate these problems. They were summarized in two aspects, first, for the tourist destinations, they usually adopted strategies such as gateway management, spatial classification management; Second, from tourists perspective, highlighted the tourists＇ attitude and behavior research, which was conducive to some soft management implementing by tourim stakeholders, related enterprises and administrative department, such as advanced interpretation service and visitor participating strategy. Finally, some useful tourist management advice was put forward for domestic destinations.

关 键 词：旅游者管理 旅游者行为 环境影响 管理策略 综述 国外研究 

分 类 号：F59[经济管理—旅游管理]