河南省水环境质量评价  

Assessment of Water Environment Quality in Henan Province

作　　者：周凯[1] 张毅川[1] 王智芳[1] 周建[1] 姚正阳[1] 宋利利[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南科技学院//新乡市景观生态工程技术研究中心,河南新乡453000

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2015年第10期1676-1681,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：河南省政府决策研究课题招标重点课题"美丽河南建设研究"(2014002)

摘　　要：水环境质量评价可为水环境质量管理和规划提供科学的决策依据。利用河南省环境状况公报水质监测数据,参考水质评价标准《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838─2002)和《地下水环境质量标准》(CB/T 14848─93),评价了河南省18个省辖市和10个省直管县(市)地表水、城市地下水、集中式饮用水源地及水库水质的环境质量。结果表明,2014年河南省化学需氧量和氨氮排放量分别比2013年减少了2.62%和3.61%,降幅高于全国平均同比下降值。全省废水排放量增加趋势明显,2014年和2013年全省废水排放量分别同比增加了2.48%和2.16%。全省地表水水质总体呈现中度污染,主要污染因子是化学需氧量、五日生化需氧量、氨氮和总磷。其中,省辖海河流域水质一直处于重度污染级别;省辖长江流域水质相对较好。全省城市地下水水质基本稳定,水质级别为Ⅱ类,但是开封市和濮阳市城市地下水污染比较严重;全省集中式饮用水源地水质均为Ⅱ类。全省水库水质常年保持在Ⅱ类标准,但是石漫滩水库、昭平台水库、孤石滩水库、宿鸭湖水库水质退化比较严重,主要的污染因子为高锰酸盐、总磷、五日生化需氧量和石油类等。尽管河南省水环境质量有了很大改善,但是河南省地表水环境质量令人担忧,特别是省辖海河流域水污染一直位居全省河流污染之首,严重制约了河南省社会经济的可持续发展和美丽河南建设。Water environment quality evaluation, as one of the scientific proofs for water environmental quality management and planning, has become one of the important measures for environmental management. Based on the environment bulletin of statistic data of Henan province, the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB 3838─2002) and the Environmental Quality Standard for Ground Water (CB/T 14848─93), water environment quality of 18 provincial cities and 10 provincial directly governing counties in Henan province were evaluated. The results showed that chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen emissions decreased by 2.62%and 3.61%, respectively, which was higher than the national average decrease value in 2014. However, the provincial wastewater discharge amounts increased during the study period, which increased by 2.48% and 2.16% in 2014, respectively compared with the same period of last year. The provincial surface water quality was moderately polluted, and water quality in individual river section was severely contaminated. Surface water main pollution factors were chemical oxygen demand, five day biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus. The provincial Yangtze River water quality was good, while water quality of provincial Haihe river basin had been in severe pollution levels. Groundwater quality in most of the cities was at II level, while serious in Kaifeng and Puyang city. The water quality of centralized drinking water source was at II level in Henan Province. The reservoir water quality kept in the class II standard in recent years, while water environment quality remarkably degradated in several reservoirs including Shimantan Reservoir, Zhaopingtai Reservoir, Gushitan Reservoir, and Suyahu Reservoir, in which main pollutants were permanganate, total phosphorus, five day biochemical oxygen demand, and petroleum. Although the water environmental quality in Henan province has been greatly improved, the provincial surface water environmental quality is still serious. It

关 键 词：水环境 环境质量评价 河南省 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]