Effects of Surface Flux Parameterization on the Numerically Simulated Intensity and Structure of Typhoon Morakot(2009)  

作　　者：Jie MING Jun A.ZHANG 

机构地区：[1]Key Laboratory of Mesoscale Severe Weather/MOE and School of Atmospheric Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023 [2]Hurricane Research Division,Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory,National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration,Miami,FL,USA [3]Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science,University of Miami Miami,FL,USA

出　　处：《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》2016年第1期58-72,共15页大气科学进展（英文版）

基　　金：primarily supported by the National Fundamental Research 973 Program of China(Grant Nos.2015CB452801 and 2013CB430100);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41105035);the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.20620140054 and 20620140347);supported by NOAA’s Hurricane Forecast and Improvement Project(HFIP),Grant Nos.NA14NWS4680028 and NASA Grant NNX14AM69G

摘　　要：The effects of surface flux parameterizations on tropical cyclone（TC） intensity and structure are investigated using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting（WRF-ARW） modeling system with high-resolution simulations of Typhoon Morakot（2009）.Numerical experiments are designed to simulate Typhoon Morakot（2009） with different formulations of surface exchange coefficients for enthalpy（C_K） and momentum（C_D） transfers,including those from recent observational studies based on in situ aircraft data collected in Atlantic hurricanes.The results show that the simulated intensity and structure are sensitive to C_K and C_D,but the simulated track is not.Consistent with previous studies,the simulated storm intensity is found to be more sensitive to the ratio of C_K/C_D than to C_K or C_D alone.The pressure-wind relationship is also found to be influenced by the exchange coefficients,consistent with recent numerical studies.This paper emphasizes the importance of C_D and C_K on TC structure simulations.The results suggest that C_D and C_K have a large impact on surface wind and flux distributions,boundary layer heights,the warm core,and precipitation.Compared to available observations,the experiment with observed C_D and C_K generally simulated better intensity and structure than the other experiments,especially over the ocean.The reasons for the structural differences among the experiments with different C_D and C_K setups are discussed in the context of TC dynamics and thermodynamics.The effects of surface flux parameterizations on tropical cyclone（TC） intensity and structure are investigated using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting（WRF-ARW） modeling system with high-resolution simulations of Typhoon Morakot（2009）.Numerical experiments are designed to simulate Typhoon Morakot（2009） with different formulations of surface exchange coefficients for enthalpy（C_K） and momentum（C_D） transfers,including those from recent observational studies based on in situ aircraft data collected in Atlantic hurricanes.The results show that the simulated intensity and structure are sensitive to C_K and C_D,but the simulated track is not.Consistent with previous studies,the simulated storm intensity is found to be more sensitive to the ratio of C_K/C_D than to C_K or C_D alone.The pressure-wind relationship is also found to be influenced by the exchange coefficients,consistent with recent numerical studies.This paper emphasizes the importance of C_D and C_K on TC structure simulations.The results suggest that C_D and C_K have a large impact on surface wind and flux distributions,boundary layer heights,the warm core,and precipitation.Compared to available observations,the experiment with observed C_D and C_K generally simulated better intensity and structure than the other experiments,especially over the ocean.The reasons for the structural differences among the experiments with different C_D and C_K setups are discussed in the context of TC dynamics and thermodynamics.

关 键 词：Typhoon Morakot surface flux parameterization exchange coefficients boundary layer 

分 类 号：P444[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P333.2[天文地球—水文科学]