美国削减PM2．5法律机制评析  

The Analysis of American Legal Mechanism to Reduce Emissions of PM2. 5

作　　者：范纯[1] 杨博超[2] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学法学院 [2]爱尔兰国立大学

出　　处：《北方法学》2015年第6期66-76,共11页Northern Legal Science

摘　　要：PM2.5对健康和环境有严重危害,已成全球性环境问题。上世纪90年代中期至今,美国形成了削减PM2.5的法律机制。该机制以准据法、标准法、实施法、相关法、地方法组成的法律体系为基础,以命令统制型环境行政管理为主要构成,以司法的频繁介入为纠偏和保障,以判例法与制定法的相互配合为回应,形成了"命令统制为主、经济刺激为辅、司法纠偏为补"的多元削减模式,彰显出合目的性、灵活性、实用性等特征。因实行广泛而严格的规制方法和技术性手法,在联邦制定法上具有划时代意义。但是,该机制过于重视效率而损害公平,过于重视市场方法而出现环境非正义事态,司法介入往往受政党掣肘而陷入法律工具主义漩涡,为各国的PM2.5法律应对提供了经验和教训。Emissions of PM2.5 has become a worldwide environmental problem because of its serious harm to health and environment. Since the mid -nineties in the twentieth century, the American government has established a legal mechanism to reduce emissions of PM2.5, which is based on the legal system consisting of applicable laws, laws on standard, laws on implementation, pertinent laws and local laws. This mechanism mainly consists of environmental administration of the commanding control and the frequent judicial interven- tions act as rectification and guarantee, and the interaction between the case law and the enacted law as re- sponse. Bearing the features of purposefulness, flexibility and practicability, this multiple pattern of reduction has been formed in which ＂commanding control functions as priority, economic stimulus as coordination and judicial rectification as complement＂. This mechanism is of epoch - making significance in the Federal statuto- ry laws for its broad and strict regulation methods and technical skills. Yet unfortunately, such mechanism fo- cuses so much on efficiency that has damaged that leads to environmental injustice. Moreover instrumentalism for political constraints. These emission of PM2.5. fairness, and pays so much attention to regulations on market , the judicial intervention is inclined to be plunged into legal lessons should be cherished for other countries in legislation on

关 键 词：美国 PM2.5 法律机制 

分 类 号：DF468[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]