Understanding the forces acting in self-assembly and the implications for constructing three-dimensional （3D） supercrystals  

作　　者：Chenyu wang1 Carrie Siu Jun Zhang Jiye Fang 

机构地区：[1]Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA [2]Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA [3]State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China

出　　处：《Nano Research》2015年第8期2445-2466,共22页纳米研究（英文版）

基　　金：This work was partially supported DOE STFR program and CEI grant 68195. C. W. thanks ＂Dissertation Fellowship Award＂ supported by the State University of New York at Binghamton; C. S. is partially supported by the Provost＇s Summer Doctoral Fellowship; and J. Z. acknowledges grants （the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 21471160 and 14CX05037A）） and TaiShan Scholar Foundation.

摘　　要：The assembly of nanocrystals into ordered structures called supercrystals or superstructures has become a pivotal frontier owing to numerous useful applications such as correlating the arrangements of atoms in macroscopic crystals and tuning the collective properties to meet the demands of various applications. In this article, recent progress in the preparation of three-dimensional superlattices of nanocrystals is outlined, with a particular emphasis on the driving forces and evolutionary routes beyond orderly assembly. First, the leading or repulsive forces that internally and externally govern the formation of three-dimensional supercrystals are systematically identified and discussed with respect to their origins and functions in three-dimensional self-organization. Then a synoptic introduction of commonly applied means of nanocrystal self-assembly based on growth scenarios such as droplet evaporation and a liquid/liquid interface is presented with specific cases and detailed analyses. Finally, the existing challenges and prospects for this field are briefly highlighted.进称为 supercrystals 或上层建筑的订的结构的 nanocrystals 的集会由于象相关那样的众多的有用应用成为了枢轴的边疆在宏观的晶体的原子的安排并且调节集体性质遇见各种各样的应用的要求。在这篇文章，在 nanocrystals 的三维的超点阵的准备的最近的进步被构画出，与在有序的汇编以外的驱动力和进化线路上的一个特别重音。首先，带或内部并且外部地管理三维的 supercrystals 的形成的斥力系统地在三维的组织工会关于他们的起源和功能被识别并且讨论。然后，基于象微滴蒸发和一个液体 / 液体接口那样的生长情形自己组装的 nanocrystal 的通常应用的工具的摘要的介绍与特定的盒子被介绍并且详细说明了分析。最后，为这块地的存在挑战和前景简短被加亮。

关 键 词：interparticle forces SUPERLATTICES supercrystals THREE-DIMENSIONAL SELF-ASSEMBLY 

分 类 号：TB383[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TP391.41[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]