21世纪德国学界关于第一次世界大战责任和起源问题的讨论  

On the Discussion of the Responsibility for and Cause of the First World War in 21^(st)Century Germany

作　　者：徐健[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史系

出　　处：《世界历史》2015年第6期114-122,160,共9页World History

基　　金：2012年度教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"联邦德国史学研究--以关于纳粹问题的史学争论为中心"(项目批准号:12JJD770015)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：20世纪60年代,德国史学界展开了著名的"费舍尔大辩论",第一次世界大战德国"完全责任说"由此成为定论,并历时半个世纪。随着新世纪的到来以及新时期德国经济和国际政治地位的变化,第一次世界大战的叙事模式发生了转向,"欧洲叙事"逐步代替了"民族叙事"。学界对第一次世界大战的责任问题产生了多种观点,"德奥主要责任说"、"塞尔维亚承担共同责任说",以及"大国集体责任说"等逐渐成为共识。在第一次世界大战起源问题上,研究也呈现多元趋势。学者们开始关注战前大国的心态变化、高层政治和军事人物的活动,并讨论战争能否避免的问题。本文在搜集最新相关出版物的基础上,概括分析21世纪德国第一次世界大战责任和起源研究的新特点,并指出其中存在的问题。In the 1960 s,the famous 'Fischer thesis' and relevant debates ascribed 'full responsibility' for the outbreak of the First World War to Germany.This position has been held for half a century.However,with changes in the economic and political status of Germany,the narrative mode of the First World War has gradually shifted from the 'national narrative' to a 'European narrative'.Several different views on the responsibility for the First World War have emerged in the academia.Theses such as 'Germany and Austria having the major responsibility', 'Serbia taking a shared responsibility',and ' great powers taking the collective responsibility' have been commonly recognized.Researches on the causes of the First World War have become diversified as well.Scholars have started to focus on the pre-war psychological changes and activities of political and military figures in great powers,and to discuss whether the war could have been avoided.Based on the collection of latest literature relevant to these issues,this paper analyzes the new features and problems in researches on the responsibility for and cause of the First World War in 21^(st) century Germany.

关 键 词：德国史 第一次世界大战 战争责任 战争起源 费舍尔大辩论 

分 类 号：K143[历史地理—历史学]