韵律性身体活动促进3～6岁感觉统合失调幼儿粗大动作发展水平的实证研究  

An Empirical Study on the Effect of Rhythmic Physical Activities for Promoting Gross Motor Development in 3～6 Aged Children with Sensory Integration Dysfunction

作　　者：吴升扣[1] 姜桂萍[2] 刘威彤 李林[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学体育部,北京100872 [2]北京师范大学体育与运动学院,北京100875

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2015年第4期317-320,363,共5页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目(项目编号:11YJ880037)

摘　　要：目的：以我国幼儿园普遍开展的韵律性身体活动为干预内容,尝试将幼儿阶段应掌握的基本动作技能融入到活动中,研究韵律性身体活动对感觉统合失调幼儿粗大动作能力的影响,为促进病患幼儿的粗大动作发展进行实证探索。方法：将101名受试对象以班级为单位,随机分为试验组（46人）与对照组（55人）,分别包含在4个小班、4个中班和2个大班中。试验组幼儿每天练习新的韵律性身体活动,累计活动时间为20-30 min/天,对照组则练习一般性韵律性身体活动。试验组与对照组的活动频率、每次活动持续时间和运动强度都相同,运动干预周期为1年。结果：（1）试验组与对照组幼儿粗大动作发展水平在运动干预前无显著差异,运动干预后,试验组幼儿粗大动作发展得分明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）,说明以基本动作技能为主要内容的新韵律性身体活动,在促进感觉统合失调幼儿粗大动作发展方面优于一般性的韵律性身体活动。（2）反复练习,以及练习过程中的变化性,对感觉统合失调幼儿的粗大动作发展非常重要,加强了幼儿感觉统合能力的训练。建议在韵律性身体活动中注重基本动作技能的学习,采用重复、变异等练习方式,促使病患幼儿掌握这些基本动作模式,提高粗大动作发展水平。Objective：The study starts from the perspective of gross motor development with an overview of the fundamental motor skills which must be grasped inthe childhood,to design a set of the child＇s rhythmic physical activities and then differentiate it from the already-existing ones in efficiency by one-year teachingintervention,and then provides a theoretical and empirical fundament for promoting motor development of 3~6 aged children with sensory integration dysfunction.Methods：Teaching experiment was conducted by randomly dividing 101 young children into experimental and control groups：the former including two littlechildren classes,two younger children classes,and one old children class,46 participants in total;the latter was the same and 55 participants in total. The youngchildren of the experimental classes took the newly-designed rhythmic physical activities,20-30 minutes each day;the control classes took those activitiesrespectively designed by kindergartens or prescribed by the Ministry of Education,and any other condition went as the experimental group. Results：（1）After oneyear of the motor convention,the related data of the experimental group was much better than the control one（P〈0.01）,and the new design was hereby better inpromoting the motor development of 3-6 aged children with sensory integration dysfunction;（2）We must produce the changing sports environment and providemore sporting chances for young children,and get more motor parameters and feedback. It is also the way to practice their ability of sensory integration,so that wecan help them establish and perfect the motor templates,and master more motor modes to push forward their motor development.

关 键 词：感觉统合失调 幼儿 粗大动作发展 韵律性身体活动 基本动作技能 

分 类 号：G806[文化科学—运动人体科学]