家蚕茧及其茧丝和生丝的机械性能概述  

A Review on Mechanical Properties of Silkworm Cocoon,Cocoon Filament and RawSilk

作　　者：谢启凡[1] 胡彬慧 杨明英[1] 朱良均[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学应用生物资源研究所,杭州310058

出　　处：《蚕业科学》2015年第6期1120-1126,共7页ACTA SERICOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(No.CARS-22);2015年度国家茧丝绸发展风险基金项目

摘　　要：家蚕茧及其茧丝和缫制的生丝拥有优异的机械性能。蚕茧的多层结构保证其机械性能可沿着厚度方向发生最适功能梯度的变化,从而为蚕蛹提供良好的生长发育环境。茧丝的机械性能虽然不及蜘蛛丝和合成纤维,但优于棉花等植物纤维,并且可以通过基因工程技术或人为控制家蚕吐丝速度的方式来提升茧丝的机械性能。完全脱除丝胶后的生丝,其机械性能下降,而保留有一定量丝胶的生丝,可以将其看作是一种由丝胶起基质作用,以多根丝素纤维作为增强材料的纤维复合材料。本文综述了家蚕茧、茧丝和生丝的机械性能研究概况,同时展望了光保护蚕茧材料、茧丝纤维束电极材料和再生丝素微纤维复合材料等基于蚕茧或茧丝机械性能的新型材料开发的前景。Mulberry silkworm cocoon, cocoon filament and reeled raw silk, derived from Bombyx mori, has excellent mechanical properties. The distinctive multi-layer structure ensures mechanical properties changed in optimal function gradient along the thickness direction. It provides a suitable growth and development environment for silkworm pupa. The mechanical properties of mulberry silkworm cocoon filaments are inferior to spider silk and synthetic fibers, but superior to plant fibers like cotton. We can enhance the mechanical properties of cocoon filaments by genetic engineering technolo- gies or by artificially controlling spinning speed of silkworm larvae. Raw silk after complete removal of sericin shows poor mechanical performance, while incompletely degummed raw silk which keeps a certain amount of sericin can be regar- ded as a composite fiber material with sericin as the matrix and multiple fibroin fibers as the reinforcing material. This review presents research summary on the mechanical properties of mulberry silkworm cocoon, cocoon filament and raw silk. And we make an outlook about new developed materials based on mechanical properties of silkworm cocoon and silk, such as silk-based photoprotective material, conductive polymer material combined silk fibers and regenerated silk fibroin microfiber composite material.

关 键 词：家蚕茧 茧丝 生丝 机械性能 新材料 

分 类 号：TS102.33[轻工技术与工程—纺织工程] S881.3[轻工技术与工程—纺织科学与工程]