水稻分蘖期沼液施灌对农田水体氮素的影响  

Effects of biogas slurry application on paddy field water nitrogen content at tillering stage

作　　者：王子臣[1,2] 管永祥[2] 盛婧[1] 梁永红[2] 吴昊[2] 陈留根[1] 郑建初[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院循环农业研究中心,南京210014 [2]江苏省农业环境监测与保护站,南京210036

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2015年第12期1544-1551,共8页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B12);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07101004);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(14)2106);江苏省农业三新工程项目(SXGC[2015]291)资助~~

摘　　要：沼液作为农牧生产废弃物能源化的副产物,是农业面源污染物的重要来源,又是水环境保护亟待解决的薄弱环节。为研究农田安全消纳沼液技术,本文通过设置BS10（一次性基施沼液1 000 t·hm^-2）、300%BS（沼液300%常规施N替代,分蘖期施灌沼液635.29 t·hm^-2）、200%BS（沼液200%常规施N替代,分蘖期施灌沼液423.53 t·hm^-2）、100%BS（沼液100%常规施N替代,分蘖期施灌沼液211.76 t·hm^-2）、CF（常规施肥）、CK（不施肥）等处理,监测了稻麦两熟制农田稻季分蘖期田面水及不同深度下渗水水体氮素动态变化情况。结果表明：水稻分蘖期沼液施灌明显增加了田面水总氮和铵态氮浓度,且随沼液施灌量的增加而增大。各沼液施灌处理田面水中氮素含量以铵态氮为主,浓度随着时间推移明显降低。与施灌后1 d比较,各处理总氮浓度在施灌后3 d下降达46.67%-73.26%,铵态氮浓度下降达47.52%-67.60%,其中,BS10、300%BS、200%BS、100%BS处理总氮下降速率分别高出CF处理26.59%、26.43%、24.38%、10.25%,铵态氮下降速率分别高出CF处理14.73%、17.29%、20.08%、6.47%;施灌后7 d总氮浓度下降69.15%-86.43%,铵态氮浓度下降75.25%-83.73%,其中,BS10、300%BS、200%BS、100%BS处理总氮下降速率分别高出CF处理13.16%、12.27%、11.60%、5.96%,铵态氮下降速率分别高出CF处理6.05%、6.21%、8.48%、3.55%。因此认为沼液施灌后的前3 d是稻田消解沼液的关键时期,也是通过控制灌排水减少径流氮损失的关键时期。与常规施肥处理比较,BS10、300%BS、200%BS、100%BS处理对40 cm处下渗水总氮和铵态氮含量的影响不明显,但增加了60 cm处下渗水总氮和铵态氮浓度,施灌后7 d,BS10、300%BS、200%BS、100%BS处理60 cm处下渗水总氮含量分别高出CF处理0.37 mg·L^–1、0.67 mg·L^–1、0.13 mg·L^–1、0.23 mg·L^–1。BS10、200%BS处理60 cm处下渗水铵态氮含量分别高出CF处理0.02 mg·L^–1、0.36 mg�Biogas slurry, the by-product of biogas engineering comprised of agricultural residue and livestock/poultry waste,is a leading source of agricultural non-point pollution. Biogas slurry is also most difficult to be dealt with in the protection of water environment. To study the safety of the technology of biogas slurry application in paddy fields, 4 treatments of biogas slurry application and two control treatments were designed. The treatments included irrigation 1 000 t·hm^-2of biogas slurry with zero nitrogen urea application at tillering stage of rice（BS10）; replacements of 100%, 200% and 300% of nitrogen urea,respectively, with 211.76 t·hm^-2, 423.53 t·hm^-2and 635.29 t·hm^-2of biogas slurry at tillering stage of rice（100%BS, 200%BS and 300%BS）. The control treatments were conventional fertilization at 180 kg（N）·hm^-2of nitrogen urea（CF） at tillering stage of rice, and no-fertilization treatment（CK） at tillering stage of rice. Then the changes in total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents in field surface water were monitored after 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 5 days and 7 days of biogas slurry application. The same changes were also monitored in percolated soil water at 40 cm and 60 cm depths. The results showed that biogas slurry application at rice tillering stage obviously increased total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen contents in field surface water. Both total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen contents increased with increasing amount of biogas slurry application. Ammonia nitrogen was the main form of nitrogen in every field surface water treatment, and the content significantly dropped over time. Compared with the first day after biogas slurry application, total nitrogen decreased by46.67% -73.26% on the third day, where in BS10, 300%BS, 200%BS and 100%BS treatments the reduction in total nitrogen were higher than that in CF treatment by 26.59%, 26.43%, 24.38% and 10.25%, respectively. Also compared with the first day after biogas slurry application, total nitrogen de

关 键 词：沼液 稻麦两熟制农田 稻田水体 氮素 水稻安全生产 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S19[农业科学—农业基础科学]