不同水分处理对设施马铃薯氮淋洗、水分及氮利用效率的影响  

Effects of Different Moisture Treatment on Nitrogen Leaching and Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Greenhouse Potato

作　　者：王亚路 滑丽娜 田伟丽 梅旭荣[2] 李玉中[2] 郭家选[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业应用新技术北京市重点实验室/北京农学院植物科学技术学院,北京102206 [2]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所水资源与旱作农业研究室,北京100081

出　　处：《作物杂志》2015年第6期99-105,共7页Crops

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD32B03);国家自然科学基金项目(31471837)

摘　　要：根据20cm直径水面蒸发皿观测的塑料大棚内水面蒸发量的累积值(Ep)确定滴灌水分处理1.1Ep、1.3Ep、1.5Ep和1.7Ep,研究不同土壤水分状况对大棚马铃薯水氮渗漏淋洗及水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明,对于浅根系作物马铃薯的全生育期,随着灌水量的增大,土壤根系下60cm水分渗漏量呈增大趋势,累积渗漏量从1.1Ep至1.7Ep处理分别占相应灌水量的41%~55%,氮素的淋洗量为施肥量的10%~30%;0~60cm土壤厚度范围内土壤氮素残留量在低灌溉1.1Ep和1.3Ep水分处理下呈倒"V"型变化趋势,而1.5Ep和1.7Ep高灌溉量处理呈"S"型变化趋势。以1.7Ep灌水量处理土壤中氮素的降低程度最大;植株不同器官氮素累积量变化趋势是氮素在叶片中的累积量呈下降趋势,后期氮素主要转移累积于地下块茎部位;以1.5Ep处理植株氮素含量最高,为203.12kg/hm^2,并且该处理大棚马铃薯产量及水氮利用效率均最高。Four drip irrigation water treatments （ 1.1Ep, 1.3Ep, 1.5Ep and 1.7Ep） determined by pan evapora- tion （Ep） of plastic greenhouse, were observed by using 20cm diameter evaporation pan to study the impact of dif- ferent soil moisture conditions in greenhouse on water and nitrogen leaching and use efficiency. The results showed that water leakage under 60cm of soil root tended to increase with the increase of irrigation water for potato with shallow root growth at whole period. And the cumulative leakage from 1. 1Ep to 1.7Ep treatment accounted for 41% -55% of corresponding irrigation water, and nitrogen leaching accounted for 10% -30% of fertilizing a- mount ; The soil nitrogen residues showed inverted ＂V＂ - shaped trend at 0 - 60cm soil thickness under low irriga- tion treatments of 1. 1Ep and 1.3Ep,while it is showed ＂S＂ -shaped trend under high irrigation treatments of 1.5Ep and 1.7Ep. In total,the reduction of nitrogen in the soil is the largest on the 1.7Ep irrigation treatment, be- cause of soil nitrogen leaching and plant nitrogen accumulation. It is presented a descending trend for nitrogen accu- mulation of leaves and nitrogen transferred to underground tubers at later stage;Under 1.5Ep treatment, the plant nitrogen content was up to 203.12kg/hm2 ,and the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of greenhouse potato were the highest.

关 键 词：大棚马铃薯 土壤水分 水分渗漏 氮淋洗 氮利用效率 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]