不同小生境对苍术生长和4种挥发油的影响  

Effects of different microhabitas on growth and four kinds of volatile oil components of Atractylodes lancea

作　　者：张燕[1] 樱井美希 杨光[1] 武田修己 陈美兰[1] 朱寿东[1] 王凌[1] 郭兰萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药资源中心道地药材国家重点实验室培育基地,北京100700 [2]株式会社津村

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2015年第21期4142-4148,共7页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81503194;81130070;81325023;81473307);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAI29B02;2012BAI28B02);北京中医药薪火传承3+3工程项目;中国中医科学院"名医名家传承"项目(CM20143001);北京市中医药科技发展基金项目(JJ2012-25);中日苍术国际合作项目

摘　　要：为了探讨苍术适宜的生长立地环境条件,开展田间不同小生境试验,研究不同小生境对苍术成活率、生长、产量、挥发油含量的影响。研究发现,竹林下苍术的成活率为(76±15.1)%、株高为(77±14.8)cm,4种挥发油质量分数之和达4.09%,都显著高于露地苍术,4个朝向的露地苍术的成活率平均为30%,株高平均为51 cm,4种挥发油含量之和平均为2.24%;但林下苍术单株产量(41±22.3)g却极显著低于露地上种植的苍术单株产量的平均值(104.5 g);对于4个朝向的露地苍术,有机质等营养条件好的东坡产量显著高于其他朝向的小生境。通过对不同小生境的光照、温度、土壤和叶片的营养成分分析发现,苍术是一种耐贫瘠、喜隐蔽或东坡种植的药用植物,这也提示业界,林下苍术成活率高,发病率低,管理成本低,虽然产量不高,但其药效成分高,可以通过增施有机肥来提高其产量,建议发展林药间作的苍术生态种植模式。To investigate the suitable site environment for Atractylodes lancea,field trials in different niches was carried out,and the seedling growth,biomass and volatile oil components in different microhabitas was studied. The study found that the survival rate,plant height,volatile oil content of those which growing under the bamboo were significantly higher than those exposed in the open field. The survival rate understory was（ 76 ± 15. 1） %,plant height understory was（ 77 ± 14. 8） cm and the summation of the four kinds of volatile oil content understory reached up to 4. 09%; The same evaluation values of these indicators of the four faces in the open field respectively： survival rate is 30%,plant height was（ 77 ± 14. 8） cm and the summation of the four kinds of volatile oil content was 2. 24%. But,the yield of the understory（ 41 ± 22. 3） g was significantly lower than those four faces in the open field（ 104. 5g） on the contrary. For the four open field towards,the yield of the east facing,which organic matter and other nutritional conditions were better than others,was significantly higher than those in the other facings. A. lancea was found to be an anti-poor and shadinglike or growing in east facing slope herb through the correlation analysis of light,temperature,soil and leaf nutrients with seedling growth,biomass and volatile oil components. It also reminds us that the understory herb with high survival rate,low incidence,low management costs,and high medicinal ingredients,although it＇s production is not so high,but it can be improved by increased organic fertilizer. So the ecological planting patterns which can intercropping herbs with the forest was proposed.

关 键 词：苍术 小生境 成活率 产量 挥发油 生态种植 

分 类 号：S567.211[农业科学—中草药栽培]