海军招飞体检男生中臀肌挛缩的流行病学调查  

The epidemiological investigation of gluteal muscle contracture of male students in the physical examination for navy pilot recruitment

作　　者：王亦舟[1] 石晶磊[1] 陈文辉[1] 高原[1] 

机构地区：[1]海军总医院海空勤体检中心,北京100048

出　　处：《中华航空航天医学杂志》2015年第3期203-207,共5页Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine

摘　　要：目的 探讨臀肌挛缩发生率的变迁,以及轻、中度臀肌挛缩对髋部骨骼发育的影响,为海军招飞体检外科标准的制订奠定流行病学基础. 方法 对1999-2011年参加招飞体检的50 960名应届高中男生进行体格检查,逐年统计臀肌挛缩的检出率,分析检出率的变迁情况.对归为臀肌挛缩A型和B型的学生行X线评估,并按照1∶1的比例选取同地域招飞体检结果正常的学生作为对照组进行比较,藉此评估轻、中度臀肌挛缩对髋关节骨结构发育的影响. 结果 13年间,共检出1 301例（2.55％）臀肌挛缩,疾病检出率呈现总体的下降趋势（χ^2=55.791,P＜0.01）.城市学生和农村学生臀肌挛缩的检出率分别为2.46％和2.67％,差异无统计学意义.X线评估结果显示,归为A型和B型臀肌挛缩的学生的X线评估结果与对照组差异无统计学意义. 结论 臀肌挛缩的发生率正在逐年下降,但仍应加强宣传教育工作,促使更多的患者能够及时得到治疗.轻、中度臀肌挛缩似乎并未对参检学生的髋部骨骼发育造成显著影响,如有相关生物力学和运动学研究证实,可考虑在招飞体检中将此类学生评定为外科合格.Objective To investigate the prevalence of gluteal muscle contracture （GMC） in teenagers,and the influences of the mild and moderate GMC to hip bone development,and to propose the epidemiological reference to the physical examination for navy pilot recruitment.Methods From 1999 to 2011,50 960 graduated male high school students were examined for pilot recruitment.The yearly detection rates of gluteal muscle contracture were calculated and compared each other.Then the students,who were diagnosed as type A and B GMC were examined by X-ray photographs of their hips for assessment.The results were compared with the control group,that was the healthy students come from same area with 1 ∶ 1 number ratio to the A and B GMC＇s,to determine the influence of mild and moderate GMC on the development of hip joint.Results In 13 years,1 301 （2.55%） students were diagnosed as GMC.The detection rate of the disease were in the downward trend （χ^2 =55.791,P〈0.01）.The GMC detection rate was respectively 2.46% and 2.67% in urban and rural students and showed insignificant difference.According to the examination of X-ray photographs,there were no significant differences between type A and type B GMC students and the control groups.Conclusions The GMC prevalence is decreasing year by year.But the propaganda and education work are still need to be strengthened in order to have more patients treated timely.The X-ray assessment results indicate that the mild or moderate GMC would not influence the skeletal development of hip joint.If there were enough biomechanics and kinematics studies supported the mild or moderate GMC students would be assessed as pass in surgical examination.

关 键 词：臀 肌 挛缩 患病率 体格检查 

分 类 号：R595.7[医药卫生—内科学]