单粒精播对花生冠层微环境、光合特性及产量的影响  

Effects of single-seed sowing on canopy microenvironment,photosynthetic characteristics and pod yield of peanut(Arachis hypogaca)

作　　者：梁晓艳[1,2,3] 郭峰[2,3] 张佳蕾[2,3] 孟静静[2,3] 李林[1] 万书波[3,4] 李新国[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,长沙410128 [2]山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心,济南250100 [3]山东省作物遗传改良与生态生理重点实验室,济南250100 [4]山东省农业科学院,济南250100

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2015年第12期3700-3706,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31571605;31571581);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD11B04);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-14);山东省农业科学院青年科研基金项目(2014QNM38;2015YQN02;2015YQN12);山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目资助

摘　　要：在大田条件下,以大粒型花生品种‘花育22'为材料,研究了22.5万株·hm^(-2)(S_1)、19.5万株·hm^(-2)(S_2)、16.5万株·hm^(-2)(S_3)3个密度单粒精播条件下,花生冠层微环境、光合特性及产量的差异.结果表明:与传统双粒穴播15万穴·hm^(-2)相比3个密度的单粒精播模式均提高了花生生育期内的冠层透光率、冠层温度、CO_2浓度,降低了冠层相对湿度,改善了生育中后期的冠层微环境;单粒精播模式下花生叶片的光合色素含量、光合速率均高于传统双粒穴播,其中,S_2和S_3处理的效果显著.综合冠层微环境特征、光合特性及产量等因素分析,单粒精播模式S_2(19.5万株·hm^(-2))处理的群体大小适宜介体分布均匀一致,不仅缓解了群体与个体间的矛盾,而且优化了冠层微环境提高了花生不同层次叶片的光合特性增加了后期光合产物的合成与积累,实现了产量的最大化.The large-seed peanut cultivar of Huayu 22 was used to study the differences of canopy microenvironment,photosynthetic characteristics,and pod yield at three single-seed sowing densities,i.e.,225000（S1）,195000（S2） and 165000（S3） holes per hectare,in field experiments.The results showed that the canopy light transmittance,canopy air temperature and canopy CO2 concentration all increased at these three single-seed sowing densities compared with those of doubleseed sowing pattern（150000 holes per hectare）,while the canopy humidity decreased.It seemed that single-seed sowing was helpful to improve microenvironment and the growth of peanut,especially at late growth stage.Meanwhile,the photosynthetic pigment contents and the net photosynthetic rate of peanut under single-seed sowing,especially in S2 and S3,were remarkably higher than those under traditional double-seed sowing.S_2 had the optimum population size with an equal distribution of individuals,which reduced the contradiction between individuals and population,optimized the canopy microenvironment,enhanced the photosynthetic characteristics,and increased the synthesis and accumulation of photosynthetic products to maximize the yield production of peanut.

关 键 词：单粒精播 花生 冠层微环境 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]