膜下滴灌的不同补灌处理对花生田间水分、耗水量及产量的影响  

The Impact of Different Supplemental Irrigation treatments on Water Content, Water Consumption and Yield in Peanut Field under Film-mulched Drip Irrigation

作　　者：夏桂敏[1] 陈高明[1] 陈锋[2] 陈俊秀[1] 姚珍珠 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学水利学院,沈阳110161 [2]沈阳市工程监理咨询有限公司,沈阳110000

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2015年第6期713-718,共6页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201303125)

摘　　要：为抵御辽宁省西部半干旱地区频发的旱灾,解决干旱迫使花生严重减产的问题。在充分利用自然降水的条件下,对辽宁省西部半干旱地区春播花生膜下滴灌补灌灌溉制度进行初步研究,研究在膜下滴灌条件下不同补灌定额和补灌次数对花生田间水分、耗水量以及产量的影响。结果表明：浅层土壤含水量和花生耗水量受补灌量的影响差异较为显著。其中10cm深土壤含水量在10%~25%之间较大幅度变化,而50cm以上深度土壤含水量维持在19%~20%,变化幅度较小。补灌量较少的耗水量较小,即CK处理最小,为247.35mm;补灌量和补灌次数适当的增加对花生增产具有一定的效果,其中处理T3I3表现最为显著,较CK处理增产40.5%,且水分利用效率最高（2.28kg·m-3）。因此在降雨300mm的枯水年,最佳的补灌时期和补灌量为（参考T3I3处理）：播前补灌4.5mm,苗期补灌2次,每次4.5mm,花针期补灌2次,每次9.75mm,结荚期补灌1次,灌水量为12.0mm。即说明制定适宜的补灌灌溉制度对花生增产具有重大意义。In order to resist the frequent drought in the semi-arid regions of the western part of Liaoning Province and to solve the problem of peanut product reduction, a preliminary study on drip irritation and supplemental irritation under the film-mulched on peanut has been conducted under the condition of natural precipitation. The results showed the water content of shallow soil and peanut water consumption was significantly influenced by supplementary irrigation. The water content in the deep soil （10cm lower than the surface） was varied substantially between 10%-25%. While the water content in the 50cm lower deep soil was varied slightly between 19%-20%. By comparison analysis, it could he found the less supplementary irrigation norm, the less water consumption, so CK treatment is the least, which is 247.35 mm. The increase of supplementary irrigation norm and frequency of supplementary irrigation has certain effect on the increase of peanut production. Among these increases, treatment T313 was the most significant, which is 40.5% higher than that of treatment CK. While the water use efficiency was the highest （2.28kg·m-3）. Therefore, in the low flow year with 300mm rainfall, the best supplementary irrigation period and supplementary irrigation norm should refer to treatment T313. It should be 4.5mm before sowing; irrigating twice in the seedling stage and 4.5mm every time. In the period of blossom, irrigating twice and 9.75mm per time, while in fruiting period, there should be one time for irrigation with the amount of 12.0ram. Overall, the formulation of the irrigation and supplementary irrigation system has substantial significance for the increase of peanut production.

关 键 词：辽西半干旱区 膜下滴灌 补灌定额 补灌次数 耗水量 

分 类 号：S27[农业科学—农业水土工程]