空气温度和CO_2浓度升高对晚稻生长及产量的影响  

Impacts of Elevated CO_2 Concentration and Temperature Increasing on Growth and Yield of Late Rice

作　　者：蔡威威[1,2] 万运帆[1] 艾天成[2] 游松财[1] 李玉娥[1] 王斌[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业部农业环境重点实验室,北京100081 [2]长江大学农学院,荆州434025 [3]海南省气象科学研究所/南海气象防灾减灾重点实验室,海口570203

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2015年第6期717-723,共7页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103039);国家"973"计划项目(2010CB951302)

摘　　要：人类活动所导致的气候变化将使大气CO_2浓度和温度上升,研究空气温度和CO_2浓度升高对晚稻生长和产量的影响,可为评估未来气候条件下粮食安全提供依据。采用改进后的开顶式气室(OTC)大田原位模拟CO_2浓度增加60μL·L-1和温度升高2℃的未来气候情景,研究气候变化对晚稻生长及产量的影响,试验设对照(气室内温度和CO_2浓度与大田一致,CK)、增温2℃(IT)和增温2℃+CO_2浓度增加60μL·L-1(IT+IC)3个处理,对晚稻的株高、分蘖数、叶绿素含量、叶面积指数以及产量构成进行监测。结果表明:(1)IT处理能显著增加晚稻的株高,全生育期株高平均增加约3cm,而IT+IC处理对株高无影响;(2)移栽20d后IT处理对水稻分蘖产生促进作用,每穴约增加1个分蘖茎,IT+IC处理对分蘖数无显著影响;(3)IT处理增加叶绿素含量约0.8个SPAD单位,并显著增加晚稻叶面积指数,而全生育期IT+IC处理对叶绿素含量无影响;(4)IT+IC处理使水稻显著增产,增产率达14.0%,而单纯增温使晚稻空秕率增加,降低千粒重从而导致产量增加不显著。Atmospheric CO2 concentration has been increasing, it is necessary to reveal the impact of elevated CO2 concentration and temperature on rice growth and yield, which could provide basis references for national food security evaluation in future climate change. A modified open-top chamber was used to simulate relative 60μL·L^-1 CO2 concentration increment and 2℃ temperature increasing in late rice field. Three treatments were arranged in randomized blocks and three replicates. Treatments were the control OTC （CK, ambient CO2 concentration and temperature）, temperature increased by 2℃ （IT）, temperature increased by 2℃ plus CO2 concentration elevated by 60gL·L^-1 （IT＋IC）. The plant height, tillers, Chlorophyll content, leaf area index, yield and yield components of late rice were investigated. The results showed that elevated temperature increased significantly the plant height, with 3cm improvement in whole growth season, while there was no influence under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature synchronously. About 20 days after transplanting, the elevated temperature had positive effects on tillers and increased 1 stem per hole, but the combination of elevated CO2 and temperature had no influence. The elevated temperature improved 0.8 SPAD leaf chlorophyll content and leaf area index, while elevated CO2 and temperature had no influence on chlorophyll content. Elevated CO2 and temperature increased significantlygrain yield by 14.0%. But the elevated temperature was not significant influence, because elevated temperature increased the sterile rate and decreased thousand grain weights, which resulted in the insignificant increase of grain yield.

关 键 词：开顶式气室 温度 CO2浓度 株高 叶绿素含量 产量构成 

分 类 号：S511.33[农业科学—作物学] S162.53