水稻穗分化期高温对颖花分化及退化的影响  

Effect of High Temperature Stress on Rice Spikelet Differentiation and Degeneration during Panicle Initiation Stage

作　　者：王亚梁 张玉屏[1] 曾研华[1] 武辉[1] 向镜[1] 陈惠哲[1] 张义凯[1] 朱德峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所/水稻生物学国家重点实验室,杭州310006

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2015年第6期724-731,共8页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：公益性行业专项(201203029);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-09B)

摘　　要：为明确穗分化不同时期高温对水稻颖花分化及退化的影响,选用黄华占(耐热性品种)和丰两优6号(热敏感性品种)两个籼稻品种进行人工气候箱内盆栽试验,分别于幼穗分化第一苞分化期(Ⅰ)、枝梗-颖花分化期(Ⅱ)、颖花分化-雌雄蕊形成期(Ⅲ)及雌雄蕊形成-减数分裂期(IV)进行40℃高温(10:00-15:00)处理7d,以同期人工气候箱32℃处理为参考,室外自然环境生长的植株为对照(CK),统计分析穗分化历期、颖花分化与退化及穗部性状在处理期以及品种间的差异。结果表明,(1)幼穗分化期高温胁迫可增加水稻穗分化天数,延迟抽穗期,显著降低水稻每穗粒数、结实率及千粒重,其中Ⅳ期高温处理的降幅最大,热敏感品种丰两优6号的下降幅度明显大于耐热性品种黄华占。(2)幼穗分化不同时期高温处理对水稻颖花形成的影响不同,除II期处理黄华占颖花分化增加外,I期和II期高温主要抑制颖花分化,此期高温均可导致水稻颖花显著减少。Ⅲ期和IV期高温胁迫将加剧颖花退化,退化率达67%以上,且热敏感性品种退化幅度大于耐热性品种。(3)从不同部位颖花分化与退化看,高温对二次枝梗上颖花分化与退化的影响大于一次枝梗。Pot experiments wbre conducted under artificial climate chambers conditions to assess the effect of high temperature stress on rice spikelet differentiation and degeneration during panicle initiation stage. Two indica rice cultivars with different heat-tolerance levels, ＇Huanghuazhan＇ （heat-tolerant） and ＇Fengliangyou6＇ （heat-sensitive）, were subjected to treatments in artificial climate chambers for 7 days of high temperature stress （40℃, 10- 00-15： 00） and natural temperature（32 ℃, 10： 00-15： 00） at four different periods as follows： bud differentiation stage （I）, branch and floret differentiation stage （II）, spikelet differentiation to pistil-stamen formation stage （III）, pistil-stamen formation to pollen meiosis stage （IV）, meanwhile the rice grown in ambient was as CK. The results indicated that, （1）high temperature stress increased the number of panicle initiation day, delayed rice heading date, and significantly reduced panicle weight, grain number per panicle, seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight, especially at period IV, there were more reduction in ＇Fengliangyou6＇ than in ＇Huanghuazhan＇.（2）Spikelet differentiation and degeneration exerted significance difference among treatments of four periods, high temperature stress reduce the number of spikelet differentiation at periods I and II, but ＇Huanghuazhan＂s spikelet differentiation number increased after treating at period II. High temperature tress significantly increased the ratio of spikelet degeneration of two cultivars at period III and IV, especially it was up to 67% at period IV, and the ratio of spikelet degeneration of ＇Fengliangyo6＇ was higher than ＇Huanghuazhan＇. （3） Spikelet differentiation and degeneration on secondary branches were more seriously affected by high temperature than primary branches.

关 键 词：水稻 不同时期 高温胁迫 颖花分化及退化 

分 类 号：S511.21[农业科学—作物学]