农民工流入对城市工资的影响研究——以广东省为例  

Study on the Influence of the Inflow of Migrant Workers on Urban Wage: A Case Study of Guangdong Province

作　　者：赵西亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学经济学院经济学系

出　　处：《城市观察》2015年第6期161-167,共7页Urban Insight

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"农村转移人口市民化对城市就业和工资的影响研究"(项目编号:14BJL038)成果

摘　　要：伴随中国经济改革的深入和工业化的加速,大量农村剩余劳动力流入到城市劳动力市场寻找就业机会,对城市劳动力市场必然造成影响。本文利用2005年广东省1%人口抽样调查数据考察了农村劳动力流入城市对城市工资的影响,发现总体上农民工对城市工资没有显著影响,但农民工对城市低技能工资有显著的负面影响,对城市高技能工资有正面影响,而对城市中等技能工资没有显著影响。背后的影响机制主要是农村剩余劳动力流入城市会诱导企业资本调整,通过资本扩张或新创企业的形式利用便宜的低技能劳动力,从而在农民工流入不断推动城市劳动力供给增加的同时增加了劳动力需求,抵消了农民工对城市工资可能的负面影响。另外,农民工与城市高技能工人具有一定的互补作用,从而促进城市高技能工资的上升。如果考虑到农民工收入与消费的分离,可以推断"市民化"政策的作用可能使农民工对城市工资的影响变成正值,因而,本文的结果对"市民化"政策的实施也提供了一定的支持证据。Along with the deepening of China＇s economic reform and the acceleration of industrialization, a large number of rural surplus labor flows into the urban labor market in search of employment opportunities and the urban labor market will inevitably be affected. This paper examines the influence of rural surplus labor on urban wage by utilizing the 2005 sampling survey data of 1% of the population in Guangdong province, it is found that the city payroll is less influenced by the migrant workers, the migrant workers have not caused negative influence on urban low-skilled wage and have positive impact on urban high-skilled wage, and they have no significant impact on urban mediumskilled wage. The influening mechanisms behind include that the rural surplus labor flowing into the cities wilt induce the adjustment of corporate capital, the cheap unskilled labor is used in the form of capital expansion or new ventures, thus the demand of labor is increased while the inflow of migrant workers continues to promote the supply of urban labor, and the possible negative influences of migrant workers on the city payroll are offset. In addition, the migrant workers and high-skilled workers have some complementary roles, and the urban high-skilled wage can be rised. Considering the seperation of income and consumption of migrant workers, it can be inferred that the function of citizenization could make the impact of migrant workers on the city payroll positive. Therefore, the results of this paper also provide some supporting evidence for the implementation of citizenization.

关 键 词：农村 移民城市 工资市民化 

分 类 号：F241.1[经济管理—劳动经济]