降雨-径流城市地面集水时间计算模型及模拟  

Calculation model and simulation for time of concentration of urban surface rainfall-runoff

作　　者：杨德军[1] 卞正富[1] 雷少刚[1] 牟守国[1] 熊集兵[1] 杜国强[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报》2015年第6期1084-1089,共6页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(U1361214);国家自然科学基金项目(51009134);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2013CB227904)

摘　　要：将地面集水过程分为片流、浅水集中流、明渠流和雨水调蓄池内停留4种状态,分别使用曼宁动力学方法、USDA方法、曼宁公式法和均匀流计算法进行计算,提出了适合我国的计算理论和方法,并模拟研究我国6个主要城市的地面集水时间.结果表明:对于光滑地表,集水时间与集水距离成正比;对于粗糙地表,集水时间对集水距离的响应为在片流和浅水集中流临界处出现拐点;相同坡度的光滑地表,不同城市的50 m和150 m集水时间差别较大;《室外排水设计规范》(GB 50014—2006,2014版)关于集水时间和集水距离的规定,在地面平坦且光滑的情况下(坡度S≤0.001)可以应用,当S>0.001时,则不安全;《室外排水设计规范》(GB 50014—2006,2014版)关于集水时间和集水距离的规定对于非光滑地表要慎重应用;相同地表曼宁系数时,坡度越大,对设计流量的相对影响越大;相同坡度时,曼宁系数越大,对设计流量的相对影响越大.In this paper,the process of concentration was divided into sheet flow,shallow concentrated flow,channel flow and the flow in the rainwater storage tank,and then the four types of flow were calculated by Manning dynamics method,USDA method,Manning formula method and uniform flow calculation method,respectively.The calculation theory and method of time of concentration for China was introduced,and numerical studies for six main cities in China were conducted.The results show that time of concentration is proportional to flow distance for the smooth surface;for the rough surface,response of time of concentration by flow distance is that the inflection occurs between sheet flow and shallow concentrated flow;for the smooth surface with the same surface slope of different cities,large differences of time of concentration are found for flow distance of 50 mand 150m;for the flat and smooth surface（S≤0.001）,items of Code for Design of Outdoor Wastewater Engineering（GB 50014—2006,2014Edition）can be used,while under the condition S〉0.001,the Code cannot be used for safety.As for the unsmooth surface,items for time of concentration and flow distance in the Code should be used with carefulness.For the same Manning Coefficient,the greater the slope,themore relative impact on the design flow of rainwater.For the same surface slope,the greater the Manning Coefficient,the more relative impact on the design flow of rainwater.

关 键 词：推理公式法 地面集水时间 片流 浅水集中流 明渠流 雨水调蓄池 

分 类 号：TU99[建筑科学—市政工程]