赤霉素处理对油茶花芽形成和果实品质的影响  

Effects of gibberellins on flower bud formation and fruit quality in Camellia oleifera

作　　者：温玥 苏淑钗[1] 马履一[1] 王湘南[2] 杨少燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]湖南省林业科学院,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2015年第6期861-867,共7页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业科研专项(201404702)

摘　　要：为探索赤霉素对油茶Camellia oleifera花芽形成和果实品质的影响,以湘林系列高产油茶良种为试验材料,在油茶花芽生理分化前期,用不同质量浓度赤霉素对油茶进行叶面喷施。结果表明:不同质量浓度赤霉素对油茶新梢数量均有显著的抑制作用,其中以100 mg·L-1赤霉素对油茶新梢数量的抑制作用最大,春梢数量比对照减少38.6%;200 mg·L-1赤霉素处理下,油茶新梢节间距显著增加,比对照增加8.4%;300 mg·L-1赤霉素处理油茶,对油茶花芽形成和当年果实品质的影响最大:新梢长度和新梢长枝的比例比对照分别增加9.4%和49.2%;花芽体积和质量比对照分别增加23.1%和5.3%;油茶花芽分化率和果实品质也有了显著的提高,单株花芽分化率、果实质量、种子质量、单果果仁质量、出仁率分别达到0.38,20.06 g,10.20 g,9.10 g,45.36%,比对照分别增加29.2%,60.5%,62.9%,70.7%和6.4%。To explore the effects of different concentrations of gibberellins（GAs） on flower bud formation and fruit quality in Camellia oleifera, foliage spray experiments were conducted using GA solutions at different concentrations before the physiological differentiation period of Camellia oleifera flower buds. The test material was the high yield Xiang-Lin series. Results indicated that different concentrations of GA decreased the number of new shoots, with the 100 mg·L^-1treatment being highest at 38.6%; The 200 mg·L^-1treatment had the best effect on the distance between nodes which increased by 8.5%; The 300 mg·L^-1treatment had the best effects on flower bud formation and fruit quality; with an improved new shoot length of 9.4%, an increase in the composition of long shoots of 49.2%, and increases in flower bud size（23.1%） and weight（5.3%）. The 300 mg·L^-1treatment also improved flower bud differentiation and fruit quality with a flower bud differentiation of 0.38,fruit weight of 20.06 g, seed weight of 10.20 g, kernel weight of 9.10 g and kernel rate of 45.4%. With 29.2%,60.5%, 62.9%, 70.7% and 6.4% more than that of the control.

关 键 词：经济林学 油茶 赤霉素 花芽形成 果实品质 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]