黄土高塬沟壑区道路排水沟侵蚀产沙试验  

Research of Erosion and Sediment Yield in Earth Road Drainages in Loess Gully Region

作　　者：朱宝才[1,2] 黄鹏飞 王文龙[1,4] 史倩华 白芸[5] 李艳富 李垚林[7] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]山西农业大学林学院,山西太谷030801 [3]江西省水土保持科学研究院江西省土壤侵蚀与防治重点实验室,江西南昌330029 [4]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [5]榆林学院生命科学学院,陕西榆林719000 [6]南京水利水电科学院,江苏南京210029 [7]黄河水利委员会西峰水土保持科学试验站,甘肃庆阳745000

出　　处：《草地学报》2015年第5期978-982,共5页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划"高塬沟壑区农果林多元综合治理模式研究与示范"(2006BAD09B09-01);水利部公益性行业专项"工程开挖面与堆积体水土流失测算技术研究"(201201048);"风力作用下扰动地表侵蚀预报关键技术研究"(201201047);中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目子课题(KZZD-EW-04-03)资助

摘　　要：为给黄土高塬沟壑区道路排水沟水土流失测算及其防护提供科学依据,采用野外原位放水冲刷试验方法,在放水流量10~50 L·min^(-1)和坡度4°~10°条件下,对土质道路裸露排水沟和植被排水沟的侵蚀产沙规律进行试验研究。结果表明:放水流量和坡度增大,裸露和植被排水沟的径流含沙量和土壤剥蚀率均成倍数增大,与放水流量呈显著指数函数关系;同一试验条件下,裸露排水沟的径流含沙量和土壤剥蚀率分别是植被排水沟的1.3~1.7倍和1.4~2.2倍。放水流量和坡度对裸露排水沟径流含沙量的影响较为接近,而植被排水沟径流含沙量主要受放水流量影响;不论裸露还是植被排水沟,放水流量对土壤剥蚀率的影响都远大于坡度。A series of water scouring tests were done in earth road drainage with flow discharges bet-ween10 L ·min-1 and 50 L ·min-1 and slope gradients between 4° and 10° in the loess gully region.The results show that the sediment contents and soil erosion rates of bare soil surface and vegetation surface increased several times with flow discharges and slope gradients increasing,and they are exponential function of flow discharge.At the same time,the sediment content and soil erosion rates of bare soil surface ditch are 1.3∽1.7,1.4∽2.2 times bigger respectively than those of the vegetation surface ditch.The influences of flow discharges and slope gradients on the sediment content in the bare drains are almost the same.The sediment content in the vegetation drains are mainly affected by water flow.Whether naked or vegetation drains,the influence of water flowon the soil erosion rate is greater than those of the slope.

关 键 词：黄土高塬沟壑区 放水冲刷试验 道路排水沟 径流含沙量 土壤剥蚀率 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]