缓释尿素与普通尿素配施对氨挥发和土壤氮素动态变化过程的影响  

Effects of mixture of slow-release urea and conventional urea on ammonia volatilization and soil nitrogen dynamic change

作　　者：徐久凯 李絮花[1] 李伟[2] 彭强 王洪飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [3]山东省泗水县农业局,山东泗水273200

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2015年第6期23-27,共5页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD11B05-18)

摘　　要：通过室内模拟试验,采用"静态吸收法"和"土壤培养法",研究了缓释尿素与普通尿素混施条件下,氨挥发和土壤中氮素的动态变化特征。结果表明:缓释掺混肥处理能减少氨挥发损失氮量;与普通尿素处理(SRU0)相比,25%缓释尿素+75%普通尿素(SRU25)、45%缓释尿素+55%普通尿素(SRU45)、65%缓释尿素+35%普通尿素(SRU65)、100%缓释尿素(SRU100)处理的氨挥发量分别降低19.88%、25.94%、42.84%和46.13%。在培养前期,普通尿素处理的土壤全氮、碱解氮和铵态氮含量明显高于缓释尿素处理,随着培养时间延长,普通尿素处理降低幅度最大,缓释掺混肥处理的全氮、碱解氮和铵态氮含量明显高于普通尿素处理;而硝态氮含量随培养时间延长逐渐升高。其中,以45%缓释尿素+55%普通尿素配比最佳,既能满足植物全生育期对养分的需求,又能减少氨挥发损失,节省经济成本。Soil simulation experiment by static absorption and soil-culture methods was conducted to study the nitrogen release and ammonia volatilization decrease from different amounts of slow release coated urea combined with conventional urea. The results showed that the mixing treatments i. e. SRU25,SRU45,SRU65,SRU100 with 25%,45%,65%,100% of slow release nitrogen ratio respectively,reduced the amount of ammonia volatilization by 19. 88%,25. 94%,42. 84%,46. 13% respectively compared with treatment of urea used only（ SRU0）. In the prophase of cultivation,the content of total nitrogen,available nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen for SRU0 was higher than slow release urea treatments. With the prolongation of culture time,total nitrogen,available nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen of SRU0 reduced more sharply than slow released urea treatments,and these three nitrogen parameters were higher under slow release urea treatments. Nitrate nitrogen gradually increased with time. 45% slow release urea ＋55% conventional urea（ SRU45） was the best treatment,which not only supplied a prescribed amount of necessary nutrients,but also decreased the ammonia volatilization,and saved the economic costs.

关 键 词：缓释尿素 混施 氨挥发 氮素动态变化 

分 类 号：S153.61[农业科学—土壤学] S143.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]