有机无机复混肥运筹对机插稻产量形成的影响  

Effects of organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers on yield formation of machine-transplanted rice

作　　者：李勇 邱淑芬 朱荣松 沈家禾 储亚云 魏广彬[2] 陈贵[3] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省金坛市土壤肥料技术指导站,江苏金坛213200 [2]江苏省金坛市作物栽培技术指导站,江苏金坛213200 [3]嘉兴市农业科学研究院农业生态环境研究室,浙江嘉兴314016

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2015年第6期102-107,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：江苏省测土配方施肥项目;江苏省有机无机复混肥项目

摘　　要：以机插稻为材料,探讨纯化肥模式(全程3次施肥,基肥、分蘖肥与穗肥)与两种有机无机复混肥施肥模式,即全程两次施肥模式(基施有机无机复混肥,穗肥追施化肥)与全程3次施肥模式(基施有机无机复混肥,促花肥、保花肥追施化肥)对水稻产量形成的影响。结果表明,有机无机复混肥施肥模式尤其是全程3次施肥模式较纯化肥模式,不仅提高了水稻开花后20 d冠层倒二叶与倒三叶SPAD值,而且显著增加了冠层上3叶总叶面积。有机无机复混肥运筹模式限制了开花前干物质累积,但促进开花后生物量快速增加,到收获时3种施肥模式干物质累积量趋于一致。尽管有机无机复混肥模式较纯化肥模式降低了千粒重,但更大程度上增加了实粒数。最终产量以有机无机复混肥全程3次施肥模式最高,分别比有机无机复混肥全程两次施肥模式与纯化肥模式高出7.5%和6.0%。因此,有机无机复混肥作基肥全程两次施肥模式可代替常规纯化肥3次施肥模式,同时,把穗肥分为促花肥和保花肥两次施用,则显著提高水稻产量。Machine-transplanted rice was chose as study material to compare the effects of three fertilization treatments on rice yield formation from the perspectives of source,translocation and sink. In the three fertilization treatments,chemical fertilizer and two organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers were applied. For treatment 1（ Tr1）,chemical fertilizer was applied by three times as basal,tillering and panicle fertilizations respectively. In treatment 2（ Tr2）,organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer was applied twice as basal and panicle fertilization,and the organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer was applied for three times as basal,promoting flower and saving flowering fertilization respectively for treatment 3（ Tr3）. The results showed two kinds of organic-inorganic mixed fertilization treatments,especially for Tr3,could not only enhance the SPAD values in top second and third leaves of canopy 20 days after flower but also significant increased leaf area of three top leaves compared with chemical fertilization treatment. In addition,organic-inorganic mixed fertilization inhibited accumulation of dry matter before flower,but made it increased faster after flower. However,all the three fertilization treatments attained similar level of dry matter accumulations at mature stage. Compared with Tr2,thousand kernel weight in Tr3 and Tr4 was lower but their actual grain amount was increased greatly. The yield in Tr4 was the highest,which was 7. 5% and 6. 0% higher than Tr3 and Tr2. It is concluded that organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers with twice application during whole rice growth stage could substitute three-fertilization of chemical fertilization. In addition,panicle fertilization divided into promoting flower fertilization and saving flower fertilization shall significantly increase rice grain yield.

关 键 词：机插稻 有机无机复混肥运筹 产量形成 

分 类 号：S147.34[农业科学—肥料学] S511[农业科学—农业基础科学]