多黏菌素类抗生素  

Polymyxins

作　　者：孟现民[1] 董平[1] 张永信[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海市公共卫生临床中心药剂科,上海201508 [2]复旦大学附属华山医院感染科,上海200040

出　　处：《上海医药》2015年第23期3-7,共5页Shanghai Medical & Pharmaceutical Journal

摘　　要：抗菌药物的广泛应用挽救了无数患者的生命。但随着细菌耐药性的增强、尤其是多耐药和泛耐药菌株的出现及日益多见,现临床上对耐药菌有效的药物已非常有限。多黏菌素类抗生素因对以肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌等为代表的多耐药革兰阴性菌有良好的抗菌活性,故常在临床上被用作上述耐药菌感染治疗的最后选择,国内、外近年来的使用频率都趋逐渐增加。为全面了解并更好地使用多黏菌素类抗生素,本文就其作用机制、药代动力学、用法与用量、临床应用、不良反应以及耐药机制等作一概要介绍。With antibacterial agents being used in clinical practice widely, the countless lives of patients were saved. However, effective drugs for the resistant strains are very limited because the variance and drug-resistance of bacteria have been becoming more and more serious, especially the emergence and increase of multiple drug-resistant and pan-drug resistant strains. Polymyxins, due to its good antibacterial effect, is regarded as a last choice for the treatment of the bacterial infection caused by multiple drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. In recent years, the frequency of the use of polymyxins has been gradually increased at home and abroad. In order to help the medical staff to further understand and better use polymyxins, its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic properties, usage and dosage, clinical application, adverse reaction and resistant mechanism are reviewed in this paper.

关 键 词：多黏菌素类抗生素 抗菌药物 多耐药革兰阴性菌 

分 类 号：R978.16[医药卫生—药品]