沼液不同施用方式对苹果园土壤及叶片养分和果实品质的影响  

Effects of different biogas slurry application approaches on soil and leaf nutrients and fruit quality of apple orchard

作　　者：柴小媛 王蒙[1] 冯文涛 王忠良 王旭东[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]铜川市耀州区园艺站,陕西铜川727100 [3]铜川市耀州区农村能源办公室,陕西铜川727100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2015年第6期64-70,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：十二五科技支撑计划课题"黄土高原农果牧复合循环技术集成于示范"(2012BAD14B11)部分内容

摘　　要：陕西目前苹果种植面积位于全国第一,但果园存在的最大问题是基础肥力低,有机肥肥源和施用不足。为探讨沼液作为有机肥在苹果上的合理施用技术,本试验采用叶面喷施、灌施、树干涂抹3种方式进行了沼液在铜川苹果园施用效果的研究,分析了3种施用方式和不同施用量对叶片和土壤养分含量及果实品质的影响。结果表明,幼龄果树和盛果期树每株分别灌施沼液30 kg、60 kg对叶片和土壤养分含量及果实品质影响显著,和对照相比,叶片氮、磷、钾含量分别增加15.66%、134.91%、45.83%(幼龄树)和5.59%、12.43%、28.65%(盛果期树),幼龄树和盛果期树的果实可溶性固形物分别增加了31.33%、27.38%,Vc含量分别增加了53.67%、50.92%。幼龄树喷施1∶2沼液和盛果期树喷施1∶1的沼液效果较好,树干涂抹沼液对叶片营养和果实影响较小。At present,apple planting area in Shaanxi Province is the largest in China. But the biggest problem in apple orchard is the lack of organic fertilizer resource and the low application rate of manure. In order to ensure the proper application of biogas slurry as organic fertilizer on apple,three methods including foliar spraying,irrigation and trunk smear,were employed to study the effects of biogas slurry application on apple orchards in Tongchuan Area,Shaanxi Province,China. The influences of different fertilization methods and amounts on nutrients of leaf and soil and apple quality were investigated. The results showed that compared with the control,irrigations of biogas slurry to young apple trees（ 30 kg per tree） and to full fruit trees（ 60 kg per tree） were remarkable to increase leaf nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium by 15.66%,134.91%,and 45.83% in young trees,respectively,and 5.59%,12.43%,and 28.65% in full fruit trees,respectively. Soluble solids and Vc concentrations became increased by 31.33%,and 27.38% in young trees,respectively,and 53.67% and 50.92% in full fruit trees,respectively. The most effective ratios of biogas slurry to water for spraying were 1 ∶ 2 on young apple trees and 1 ∶ 1 on full fruit apple trees. Smearing slurry on apple tree trunk had less impact on leaves nutrients and fruit quality.

关 键 词：沼液 施用方式 苹果园 果实品质 叶片养分 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S141[农业科学—肥料学] S661.106[农业科学—农业基础科学]