宁南旱区种植业结构分析与评价  

Analysis and evaluation of cropping cultivation structure in the dryland region of south Ningxia

作　　者：侯贤清[1] 李荣[1] 贾志宽[2] 韩清芳[2] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院/农业部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2015年第6期98-104,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：宁夏大学科学研究基金资助(ZR1265)

摘　　要：以宁南旱区种植业系统为研究对象,对该区2007—2012年系统生产力与种植业结构和效益进行了动态分析与评价。研究结果表明:粮食作物种植面积稳定在6.19×105~6.29×105hm^(-2)之间;蔬菜面积逐年增加,最大增幅达1.20倍;瓜果类作物面积有所减少,种植业结构由以粮食为主的一元结构逐渐转变为以粮食、油料、蔬菜、其它经济作物为主的多元结构(2012年粮∶经∶饲比例为1∶0.31∶0.12),种植业用地结构渐趋合理。种植业系统生产力明显提高,其中蔬菜产品生产力和经济生产力最高,分别为3.94×104kg·hm^(-2)和1.26×105元·hm^(-2);种植业总产值逐年增加,截止2012年种植业总产值达1.07×1010元,较2007年增加了2.11倍,其中蔬菜产值最高(0.49×1010元),粮食次之(0.34×1010元),油料和瓜果产值较低(0.12×1010元和0.07×1010元),产值结构趋于平衡。总之,宁南旱区经过近年来种植结构的不断优化调整,在调查年度内系统稳定性有所增强,生产效益明显提高。Based on the crop cultivation system in the dryland region of south Ningxia,we analyzed and evaluated the system productivity,composition of crop cultivation and benefit during 2007—2012. The results showed that the grains land area was settled into a range of 6. 19 × 105∽ 6. 29 × 105hm-2,and vegetables one became increased annually,reaching a maximum amount up to 1.2 folds,whereas melon and fruits ones were decreased. The land use composition gradually changed from mainly single-element structure of grains to pluralistic structure including grains,oil plants,vegetables and others（ the ratios of grains over economic plants and fodder were 1 ∶ 0.31 ∶0.12）. The crop cultivation composition was inclined to be rational. The system productivity of crop cultivation was clearly enhanced,and the produce and economic productivities of vegetables were the highest（ 3.94×104kg·hm-2and 1.26×105yuan·hm-2,respectively）. The total production value of crop cultivation went up distinctly and became increased 2.11 times more in 2012 than 2007,reaching 1.07×1010yuan. The contributions to the total production value were in the order of vegetables（ 0. 49 × 1010yuan）,grains（ 0. 34 × 1010yuan）,oil plants（ 0. 12 × 1010yuan）,melons and fruits（ 0. 07 × 1010yuan）. The production value composition of crop cultivation was apt to be balanced. Therefore,because the crop cultivation structure had been adjusted and optimized in the dry land region of south Ningxia,the system stability was gradually reinforced and the benefit became evidently enhanced.

关 键 词：种植业 结构分析 系统生产力 系统稳定性 宁南旱区 

分 类 号：F326.1[经济管理—产业经济]