薄土坡耕地石坎反坡水平阶水沙调控效果  

Sediment and water control effects by stone sill reverse-slope level terrace in slope farmland with thin soil layer

作　　者：田飞[1] 谢永生[1,2] 陈磊[2] 索改弟[1] 丁亚东[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2015年第6期247-253,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：水利部公益性行业科研专项"工程开挖面与堆积体水土流失测算技术研究"(201201048);"风力作用下扰动地表侵蚀预报关键技术研究"(201201047);国家科技支撑计划课题"农田水土保持工程与耕作关键技术研究"(2011BAD31B01)

摘　　要：为研究石坎反坡水平阶对于薄土坡耕地的水沙调控效果,设置了两个标准天然降雨径流小区(措施小区和对照小区)分别对次降雨径流和泥沙进行了观测,结果表明:石坎反坡水平阶措施能够有效地调控坡耕地地表径流,年均径流削减率为22.5%,且在短历时、大雨强降雨条件下的调控效果好于长历时、小雨强降雨;该措施对于坡耕地泥沙调控效果显著且稳定,年均泥沙削减率95.5%,措施小区的坡面产沙量随降雨特征值变化的波动幅度远远小于对照小区;石坎反坡水平阶措施通过减少坡面侵蚀,间接提高了坡耕地作物产量,春玉米年均增产6.2%。In order to research the sediment and water control effects by stone sill reverse-slope level terrace in slope farmland with thin soil layer,two standard natural rainfall runoff plots（ measure and control plots） were set up and carried out the observation to the rainfall runoff and sediment respectively. The results showed that： The stone sill reverse-slope level terrace could effectively controlled the surface runoff on the slope farmland. The mean yearly runoff could be reduced by 22.5% and under the condition of short duration and high intensity rainfall,the control effects were better than the long duration and low intensity rainfall. The sediment control effects by this measure on slope farmland were notable and stable. The yearly mean sediment reduced rate was 95.5%. The fluctuation range of sediment with change of rainfall characteristic in the measure plot was far smaller than the control plot. Through the measure of stone sill reverse-slope level terrace to reduce the slope erosion,indirectly increase the crop yield in slope farmland,so the yield of spring maize had been increased by 6.2% each year.

关 键 词：薄土坡耕地 石坎反坡水平阶 泥沙调控 径流调控 

分 类 号：S157.9[农业科学—土壤学]