我国城市空间增长现状剖析及制度反思  

An Analysis of China's Urban Spatial Growth and Reflections on Institutions

作　　者：罗超[1] 王国恩[1] 孙靓雯 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学城市设计学院 [2]武汉市交通规划设计有限公司

出　　处：《城市规划学刊》2015年第6期46-55,共10页Urban Planning Forum

基　　金：国家自然科学基金:"3S支持的多尺度城市用地评定与‘三区'划定方法及应用研究"(51278384)资助;国家留学基金资助

摘　　要：1980年代末、1990年代初期《土地管理法》与《城市规划法》的相继颁布,标志着我国城市空间增长管理制度的基本成型。但随着此后社会主义市场经济改革的不断深入,面对土地使用权与所有权分离带来的市场化冲击,以计划经济集权管理为主导,以土地与规划双向控制为核心特征的城市空间增长管理制度运行效用不佳——城市空间扩张高速低效,政府参与度高;城市建成区"硬环境"改善,总体环境破坏严重;"物化管控"下城市建设用地总体结构均衡、整体容量控制失效等现象突出。由于制度发展依赖于不同国家特定的制度环境,因此制度设计难以直接复制或移植。根据对典型发达国家城市空间增长管理制度的分析,立足于我国特有的社会主义市场经济及"议行合一"的政体特征,结合目前我国城市空间增长现状,未来城市空间增长管理制度改革应重点解决制度价值观公平与效率的摇摆、权力划分纵横双向错位以及空间规划体系脱节等三方面问题。The implementation of China＇s Land Administration Law and Urban Planning Law at the end of 1980s and the beginning of 1990s respectively marked the formation of China＇s urban spatial growth management system. Howev- er, as the Socialist market-oriented economic reform deepened, the country＇s urban spatial growth management system, which features centralized decision-making and the separation of urban planning management and land management, exhibited low level of efficiency. This is demonstrated in three aspects in the recent de- cades： （~）urban area grew rapidly but inefficiently with a high level of govern- ment involvement; ~facilities in the build-up areas have been greatly improved but the overall environment has deteriorated; （~）land use structure in the build-up areas has stayed balanced but the spatial control has been ineffective. Since sys- tem development relies on certain institutional environments in various countries, it is unlikely to copy a system design directly. Based on an understanding of Chi- na＇s institutional environment and case studies of the urban spatial growth management system in other country, the paper analyzes current urban space growth and suggests that the reform of China＇s urban spatial management system should focus on the following three key points： keeping the balance between fairness and effi ciency, resolving the mismatch between horizontal and vertical management authorities and eliminate the incompatibility in the spatial planning system.

关 键 词：城市空间增长管理 制度 权力划分 空间规划体系 

分 类 号：TU984.113[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]