黔北农村学龄儿童跌落伤特征与干预效果分析  

Characters and intervention effect of fall injury in rural children in northern Guizhou

作　　者：祁永红[1] 曹博玲[1] 惠亚 杨华君[1] 施尚鹏 杨映萍[2] 石修权[1] 

机构地区：[1]遵义医学院公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学教研室,贵州563099 [2]遵义医学院管理学院

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2015年第11期1684-1686,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81160350);贵州省优秀科技教育人才省长专项资金项目(黔省专合字[2011]55号)

摘　　要：目的探索黔北农村学龄儿童跌落伤特征与干预效果,为制定有效干预措施降低儿童伤害发生率提供依据。方法采用问卷调查法,于2012年首次干预前先进行基线调查,调查黔北农村学龄儿童2 854名,经16个月的多次综合干预后,抽取其中1 502名儿童进行问卷随访调查,了解干预后跌落伤相关的知识、态度、发生率及变化差异。结果基线调查2 854名,跌落伤害年发生率为6.24%;干预后调查1 502名,跌落伤害年发生率为3.93%,干预前后跌落伤发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.20,P<0.05),在道路情况、参与打架及受伤部位方面干预前后分布明显不同(χ2值分别为9.92,9.38,6.33,P值均<0.05);小学生跌落伤的发生率(4.17%)高于初中生(3.53%),但差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.39,P>0.05);干预前后在"步行注意路面平整、骑车时注意力集中、玩耍时不互相推搡、运动时去宽阔地方、伤害发生后应拨打120"等方面知晓率的提高有统计学意义(χ2值分别为166.95,50.39,42.00,28.30,491.14,P值均<0.01)。结论黔北农村儿童跌落伤发生率较高,干预后跌落伤害发生率明显下降,但相关知识掌握还不够。需全社会共同努力,切实将儿童跌落伤害率降到最低。Objective To describe the characters and explore the effect of intervention of fall injuries in rural children in northern Guizhou. Methods A total of 2 854 children were baseline surveyed before intervention using questionnaires in 2012,and 1 502 children were followed up to a second survey. Their fall-related knowledge, attitude and incidence were collected in 2014 after 16-month comprehensive intervention. Results The falls incidence was 3.93% in the follow-up survey,which was significantly low- er than the incidence before intervention （6.24%） （X2= 10.20,P〈0.05）. The falls incidence in ＂road situation, fighting and injured site＂ before and after intervention was significantly different（X2= 9.92,9.38,6.33 ,P〈0.05）. Moreover,the falls incidence of prima- ry school students was higher than middle school students （ 4.17% VS 3.53% ） .But the difference was not statistically significant （X2 =0.39,P〉0.05）. After intervention,the knowledge of ＂attention to the road,attention to riding,do not push when playing,exerci- sing in broader places, calling 120 when in injuries emergency＂ significantly increased than before （Xz = 166.95,50.39,42.00, 28.30,491.14,P〈0.01 ）. Conclusion After intervention,incidence of fails significantly decreased in rural children. However,fall- related knowledge is still insuMcient. The prevention to reduce childhood fails injury calls for the whole society to reduce the pediat- ric falls.

关 键 词：儿童 学龄前 干预性研究 因素分析 统计学 农村人口 

分 类 号：R174.6[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R195[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]