太原市污灌区土壤镉和铅有效态研究  

Study on Available Contents of Cd and Pb in Sewage-irrigated Soils in Taiyuan

作　　者：吕佳莉[1] 刘小娟[1] 王振涛[1] 刘瑞卿[1] 解静芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学环境与资源学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2015年第12期1632-1637,共6页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30740037);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103024);太原市环保局资助项目

摘　　要：为了研究太原市污灌区农业土壤重金属Cd和Pb的污染现状,采用火焰/石墨炉原子吸收分析方法,对太原市污灌区（小店、尖草坪、晋源和清徐）不同分区和不同分层土壤Cd和Pb的全量、有效态含量以及在部分蔬菜中的含量大小进行了测定和评价。结果显示,与我国土壤二级标准相比,Cd和Pb的含量均未超标,但均已超出山西省土壤背景值。2种重金属全量分区和分层测定结果表明,小店区和晋源区含量最高;2种重金属均表现为表层（0～20 cm）含量远高于其他各层（P〈0.01）。2种重金属有效态含量分区和分层测定结果表明,晋源区含量最高;Cd在0～40 cm土层存在较为明显的淋溶下移性,Pb表现为表层累积。对土壤Cd和Pb全量和有效态含量之间的关系研究表明,二者呈极显著正相关关系（P〈0.01）;2种重金属有效性系数均与土壤p H值呈极显著负相关（P〈0.01）,Cd元素的有效性系数明显高于Pb,表明土壤中有效态Cd容易发生迁移并被蔬菜吸收富集;不同分区以晋源区Cd和Pb的有效性系数最高,其次为小店区。污灌区18种蔬菜2种重金属含量的测定结果显示,Cd和Pb均有检出,样本超标率分别为20.9%和3.3%,Cd含量较高的样本主要集中在根茎类蔬菜中;Pb含量较高的样本主要集中在叶菜类蔬菜中。因此,太原市污灌区土壤重金属Cd和Pb潜在污染及其在蔬菜中的积累效应应引起高度重视。To research the pollution situation of Cd and Pb in sewage irrigation soils in Taiyuan, soil samples were collected from 4 typical sewage irrigation areas （the Districts of Xiaodian, Jianeaoping and Jinyuan, and the Qingxu county）. The total and available contents of two heavy metallic elements in sewage-irrigated soils and vegetables from different areas and soil layers were analyzed using flame/graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed that Cd and Pb concentrations in sewage-irrigated farms didn＇t exceed the Grade-II limits, but they were higher than background values of Shanxi soil. The results about total contents of two heavy metallic elements showed that the heavy metal concentrations in Jinyuan and Xiaodian were higher than other areas; Cd and Pb presented the same phenomenon： the surface（0-20 cm ） content was much higher than other layers（P 〈 0.01 ）. The results about availiable contents of two heavy metallic elements showed that the available concentration of Jinyuan was the highest; vertical transport of Cd in 0-40 cm soil layers was obvious, Pb exhibited the rule of migration-enrichment in the top soil layer; The relationship between total content and available content of soil heavy metal showed a significant positive correlation （P 〈 0.01 ）. The relationship between the availability coefficient of soil heavy metal and pH value of the soil presented a significant negative eorrelation（P 〈 0.01 ）. Availability coefficient of Cd was significantly higher than Pb, which showed that available Cd in soil was easily transported and accumulated by vegetable; the availability coefficient of Jinyuan was the highest, followed by Xiaodian. The measurement results about two heavy metal content in 18 kinds of vegetables showed that detection rate of Cd and Pb in the samples was 100%, approximately 20.9% and 3.3% of the vegetable samples exceeded the standard for Cd and Pb, the higher content samples of Cd and Pb were respectively root vegetables and leafy vegeta

关 键 词：重金属 污灌区土壤 全量 有效态含量 太原市 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]