北京市商业空间格局及其与人口耦合关系研究  

STRUCTURE OF COMMERCIAL SPACE AND ITS COUPLING RELATIONSHIP WITH POPULATION DISTRIBUTION IN BEIJING

作　　者：王芳[1,2] 高晓路[2] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学公共管理学院 [2]中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室

出　　处：《城市规划》2015年第11期23-29,共7页City Planning Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41171138);中国科学院重点部署项目(KZZDEW-06)资助

摘　　要：以北京市中心城区和近郊区为研究区域,运用POI数据提取研究区零售商业网点信息,采用点模式分析和构建耦合度模型,探讨了北京市不同业态商业空间格局,及在居住小区中观尺度上商业空间与人口的耦合性。结果表明:(1)北京市各类商业网点均是空间集聚类型,其中服装鞋帽皮具店集聚程度最强,而特色商业街、花鸟鱼虫市场等较弱。(2)北京市不同类型商业网点的空间集聚区差别较大。其中大型商场、服装鞋帽皮具店等多数业态的集聚区主要以四环内为主,沿长安街形成了一条横轴集聚带,而且西单、王府井、朝外和中关村形成了明显的集聚区。而家电电子市场、家居建材市场、超市等商业类型都形成了各自的集聚区。(3)北京市各类商业网点Ripley's L(d)曲线分为倒"U"型、上扬型和波浪型3种形式;其中大多数类型的商业均为倒"U"型,即商业网点在一定距离范围内先集聚后分散。(4)在居住小区尺度,商业网点与人口的耦合性还存在诸多不匹配的现象,城市周边高级商业设施和日常生活配套普遍跟不上,在城市内部也存在个别耦合性较差的区域。Based on the locations of all the commercial outlets extracted from POI data in Beijing, this paper uses the point pattern analysis and builds the coupling model to investigate the spatial pattern of different formats of commercial space in Beijing as well as the coupling between commercial space and population on the scale of residential quarter. The results show that： （1）The various commercial outlets are all spatial agglomeration types, Among them, garments and leather goods shops have the strongest degree of agglomeration, while featured commercial streets and Fish-Bird-Flower markets are relatively weak.（2） The spatial agglomeration areas of different formats of commercial outlets vary in Beijing. The gathering areas of most formats of commercial outlets are distributed mainly within the Fourth Ring Road. For instance, shopping malls, garments and leather goods stores, etc. have formed a horizontal agglomeration line along the Chang＇an Avenue, and Xidan, Wangfujing, Zhongguancun, and outer Chaoyangrnen area become distinct agglomeration areas. In contrast, the appliance electronics markets, home building material markets, supermarkets, and other commercial formats have also formed their own agglomeration areas. （3） The Ripley＇s L （d） curves of different commercial formats can be divided into three types： inverted ＂U＂ type, up-type, and wave-type. Most commercial formats are of the inverted ＂U＂ type, which indicates that commercial outlets gather first and then disperse within a certain range. （4） On the scale of residential quarter, there still are many mismatches in the coupling between commercial spatial pattern and population. High-class commercial facilities and common living facilities are both poor in the peri-urban areas. At the same time, there are also some ＂blind spots＂ which are low coupled with population in the inner city.

关 键 词：商业空间结构 业态 人口 耦合 北京 

分 类 号：C922[社会学—人口学] TU984.13[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]