秦岭细鳞鲑亲鱼培育和人工繁育技术研究  

Study on parent fish cultivation and artificial propagation of Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis

作　　者：李平 王丰[1,2] 问思恩[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省水产研究所,陕西西安710086 [2]中国水产科学院黄河水产研究所,陕西西安710086

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2015年第6期841-846,共6页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201203086)

摘　　要：研究了秦岭细鳞鲑亲本人工驯化、催产、孵化和育苗的关键技术以及促熟催产中的外源性激素选择及用量。实验用野外捕捞秦岭细鳞鲑,从2011年3月开始逐年筛选,到2014年3月共培育5~9龄亲鱼580尾。实验显示,通过30 d有计划地添加黄粉虫投喂,可使野生亲鱼完全摄食人工配合饲料。注射马来酸地欧酮DOM（2.5 mg/kg）和鲑鱼促性腺激素释放激素类似物S-GnRHa（3μg/kg）,促熟催产3 d后效果明显。2013年采卵约4.56×104粒,平均受精率为82.5%,平均孵化率为63.0%;2014年获得受精卵约8×104粒,平均受精率为85.5%,平均孵化率为62.5%。鱼苗上浮后的开口期和转口期最为重要,为育苗的关键时期。根据秦岭细鳞鲑亲鱼性腺发育的规律,提出了在人工培育过程中,通过加强＂冬护、春繁、夏壮、秋养＂4个环节,有助于提高精子和卵子质量;在人工培育关键期选择卤虫开口较为适合,在鱼苗消化系统和免疫器官发育完全后选择高蛋白人工配合饲料进行转口,有利于提高鱼苗的成活率。The key teehnologues of Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis were studied on parent fish domestication, artificial breeding and hatching. The appropriate varieties and dosages of exogenous hormones were explored for promoting maturation and spawning of parent fish. 580 five-to-nine -year -old parental fish were primarily acquired in the wild from March 2011 to March 2014. The results showed that through a 30- day-domesticated feeding Tenebrio molitor, the wild parental fish was totally accustomed to artificial food. And according to the results, treating the fish with exogenous hormone DOM （2.5 mg/kg） and S-GnRHa （3 μg/ kg） would accelerate the maturation of the parent fish. 4.56×10^4 eggs and 8 × 10^4 eggs were harvested artificially in 2013 and 2014 respectively. The average hatching rate was 63% , and the fertilization rate was 82.5% in 2013. The average hatching rate was 62.5%, and the fertilization rate was 85.5% in 2014. The periods when the fish-fry floated during initial food intake and feed conversion are critical. Based on the gonad development, a postulate - ＂protecting in winter, propagating in spring, growing in summer, cultivating in autumn＂ was proposed for the improvement of the quality of sperms and eggs during the artificial cultivation. Artemia was the better choice as initial feed during the period of critical artificial cultivation. Feeding high protein diets would improve survival rate during the period of food conversion after the complete maturation of the digestive and immune systems of the juvenile fish.

关 键 词：秦岭细鳞鲑 人工育苗 催产 驯化 

分 类 号：S965.122[农业科学—水产养殖]