普里兹湾沿岸下降风特征分析  

ANALYSIS OF KATABATIC WINDS ON THE COAST OF PRYDZ BAY

作　　者：丁卓铭 张林[1] 卞林根[2] 孙启振[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋环境预报中心,国家海洋局海洋灾害预报技术研究重点实验室,北京100081 [2]中国气象科学院,北京100081

出　　处：《极地研究》2015年第4期351-363,共13页Chinese Journal of Polar Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41076128,41206185);国家海洋局“南北极环境综合考察与评估”专项(CHINARE2014-04-01)资助

摘　　要：根据2008年南极中山站的臭氧气球探空观测和塔层自动气象站数据,以及同时期的再分析资料,分析下降风(Katabatic wind)发生时的普里兹湾沿岸和东南极内陆地区的天气形势、中山站的边界层特征、气象要素的日变化规律。并利用对数风速廓线定律模拟中山站下降风,与实测值进行对比。个例研究表明,在晴朗的夜间或多云的白天,内陆地区冰面辐射冷却,导致气温降低,与普里兹湾沿岸地区的温度梯度大。此时内陆地区受高压控制,成为辐散中心,且高压的位置决定普里兹湾东岸和西岸的下降风强度。中山站的下降风出现在边界层低层,地面风速大,风向主要为东、东北东,导致强不稳定层结、气温和位温迅速降低。对数风廓线定律模拟中山站下降风的能力有限。Sounding observations from ozone balloons, observation tower data supplied by the Chinese Academy of Mete- orological Sciences, and reanalysis data from the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts （ERA-Interim） were used to investigate synoptic weather patterns in Prydz Bay and the interior of East Antarctica, charac-teristics of the boundary layer at Zhongshan Station, and daily changes in meteorological parameters. Katabatic winds were simulated using logarithmic profile theory and tower data, and the results were compared with observational data. Simulations showed that on sunny nights or cloudy days, surface radiation cooling in the interior of Antarctica caused temperatures to fall, with a large horizontal gradient in surface temperature from the interior to Prydz Bay. Airflow in the inland was anticyclonic and divergent. The location of these anticyclones determined the inten- sity of the katabatic winds in western and eastern Prydz Bay. The katabatic winds that reached Zhongshan Station occurred in the bottom of the boundary layer. The wind direction was constant, mainly easterly and east-northeasterly, leading to unstable stratification and a rapid fall in air temperature and potential temperature. Logarithmic profile theory was of limited use for the simulations.

关 键 词：南极中山站 普里兹湾 伊丽莎白公主地 下降风 探空廓线 对数风廓线 

分 类 号：P425.5[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]