中、美全民健身服务体系的比较分析  

Comparative Studies on National Fitness Service System in China and U.S

作　　者：王郓[1] 李敏[2] 

机构地区：[1]武汉体育学院体育教育学院,湖北武汉430079 [2]河南大学体育学院,河南开封475001

出　　处：《武汉体育学院学报》2015年第12期31-38,共8页Journal of Wuhan Sports University

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(09CTY003);国家体育总局体育哲学社会科学基金项目(1690SS11098)

摘　　要：中国实施的以《全民健身计划》等为代表的基本公共体育服务同美国实施的以《健康国民计划》为主的公共体育服务体系有诸多相似之处,比较两国成功经验与不足,能为今后更好发展提供借鉴。研究结果显示:两国健身政策文件出台背景侧重点不同,中国侧重于从国家战略发展的需要倡导全民健身的发展,而美国侧重于提高公民自身健康和身体素质的需要倡导全民健身的发展;从政策与文件颁布机构看,中国主要由政府机构颁布为主,美国则以各相关协会或社会机构发布为主;在全民健身服务组织实施方面,中国以政府体育主管部门为主,社会组织以及各研究协会组织为辅,突出了政府在全民健身服务中的主导地位,而美国则以社会组织、各种研究学会等群众组织为主,各相关联邦政府主管部门起引导、辅助作用,充分调动大众的积极性和主动性;从发展目标看,美国全民健身服务体系目标制定更加详细、更利于操作,使后期的评估更具体化、简单化,而中国对宏观目标和微观目标论述比较模糊,没有明确的界限,具体的任务也不是特别明确,给后期组织实施带来很大的困难。The comparison of China＇s＂national fitness program＂and public sports service system in ＂Health For All By The Year2000 of the U.S.＂had different emphasis innsports fitness policies.China focused more on the needs of the national strategic development to advocate the development of the national fitness,while the U.S.focused on enhancing the quality of the citizens＇body and health to advocate the development of the national fitness.Policies and documents issued in China were mainly by the government,while mainly by relevant association or social organizations in the U.S..In the implementation of the national fitness program,the governmental sports departments in China are in charge and the social organizations are less important.While in the U.S.gives priority to various sports organizations and research associations.Ordinary people play an active role in sports.Seenfrom the developmental goals,goals of the U.S.national fitness service system are more detailed,more feasible,easier to evaluate.Meanwhile,goals of the Chinese national fitness program are vague and difficult to implement.

关 键 词：全民健身服务 公共体育服务体系 中国 美国 

分 类 号：G812.3[文化科学—体育学]