外科手术患者的压疮评估及干预模式研究  

Study of pressure sore assessment and intervention mode for patients with surgical operation

作　　者：郑光惠 肖群莉[1] 杨淑仪[1] 周艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]成都市第五人民医院手术室,四川成都611130

出　　处：《西部医学》2015年第12期1905-1907,共3页Medical Journal of West China

基　　金：四川省卫生厅科研课题(090071)

摘　　要：目的评估外科手术患者发生压疮的相关因素，并探讨相关的护理干预措施，以降低手术患者压疮发生率。方法将2013年9～12月789例Ⅲ、Ⅳ级外科手术患者设为对照组，采用常规手术护理方法；将2014年1～4月734例Ⅲ、Ⅳ级外科手术患者设为实验组，采用综合手术护理干预；对两组患者的压疮发生率和相关影响因素进行对比分析。结果对照组有26例患者皮肤发生压红，3例发生I度压疮，2例Ⅱ度压疮，1例Ⅲ度压疮，无Ⅳ度压疮发生；实验组有9例患者皮肤发生压红，1例发生I度压疮，无Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ度压疮发生，实验组压疮发生率比对照组明显减少（P〈0．05）。手术患者发生压疮与手术体位、皮肤潮湿、手术时间、麻醉方式、护理经验、医护关注、患者营养等因素相关，组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论外科手术患者压疮发生与手术体位、皮肤潮湿、手术时间、麻醉方式、护理经验、医护关注、患者营养等因素有关，根据这些因素采用综合手术护理干预模式，能有效减少手术患者压疮的发生。Objective To evaluate the related factors of pressure ulcer in patients with surgical operation and re- duce the incidence of pressure ulcer in patients with the related factors. Methods 789 surgical patients were selected as the control group treated with routine nursing. 734 patients were selected as experiment group treated with comprehen- sive nursing intervention. The pressure ulcers and related factors were analyzed. Results In control group, there were 26 cases with skin pressure red, 3 cases with type I pressure ulcers, 2 cases with type II degree pressure ulcers, 1 case with type III pressure ulcers, no cases with grade IV pressure ulcers. In the experimental group, there were 9 cases with skin pressure red, 1 case with type I pressure ulcers, no cases with Ⅱ, Ⅲ and IV degree pressure sores. The index of ex- perimental group was significantly less than that of the control group （P〈0.05）. There were significant differences in the incidence of pressure sore and surgical position, skin humidity, operation time, anesthesia, nursing care, health care, nutrition and other factors （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Patients with bedsore is related with operation posture, moist skin, operation time, anesthesia, nutrition, body shape, nursing experience, new technology and posture nursing. The com- prehensive nursing intervention can effectively reduce the occurrence of pressure ulcers.

关 键 词：手术患者 压疮 护理干预 

分 类 号：R197.3[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] R473[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]