长期不同施肥模式下华北旱作潮土有机碳的平衡特征  

Balance characteristics of soil organic carbon under different long-term fertilization models in the upland fluvo-aquic soil of North China

作　　者：高伟[1] 杨军[1] 任顺荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津市农业资源与环境研究所,天津300192

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2015年第6期1465-1470,共6页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费"粮食主产区土壤肥力演变与培肥技术研究与示范"(201203030)资助

摘　　要：【目的】研究土壤有机碳的平衡特征对于更好的了解土壤有机碳的稳定性和培肥效果具有重要意义。本研究以旱作潮土为研究对象揭示长期施肥对土壤有机碳平衡的影响并探讨可持续利用的培肥模式。【方法】以旱作潮土34年长期定位试验为依托,通过田间取样和室内分析,研究不同施肥条件下土壤有机碳的含量、平衡,并通过相关分析分析土壤有机碳与施肥年限和作物产量的关系。试验处理包括不施肥(CK)、单施氮肥(N)、氮磷配施(NP)、氮磷钾配施(NPK)、有机肥配施氮肥(NM)和秸秆配施氮肥(NS)处理。【结果】经过34年的不同培肥措施,有机无机配合施肥处理(NM、NS),施用化肥(N、NP、NPK)处理和CK处理土壤有机碳分别平均增加52.9%,29.0%和11.1%;不同施肥模式下有机碳的盈余量差异显著,施肥的各处理和不施肥处理土壤有机碳均有盈余,其中NM处理盈余量为C 6.61 t/hm^2,显著高于其它处理,其次是NS处理(C4.68 t/hm^2),不施肥处理盈余量最低,仅为C 0.21 t/hm^2,显著低于其它处理;旱作潮土有机碳的固定量与有机碳的投入量之间呈极显著的正相关性(r=0.86**);碳投入的平均转化效率为8.5%,要维持土壤有机碳的平衡,每年有机碳投入量为0.04 t/hm^2。土壤有机碳含量与小麦(r=0.37**)和玉米(r=0.42**)的产量呈极显著正相关。【结论】不同施肥处理(包括CK处理)土壤有机碳总体呈增加趋势,该地区旱作潮土有机碳仍具有一定的固碳潜力,其中有机肥与化肥配合施用是提高旱作潮土有机碳的最佳培肥措施,可以使土壤有机碳呈显著性增加,其次是氮磷钾肥配合施肥处理。[Objectives]Investigating soil organic carbon fractions is important for better understanding the stabilization and fertility mechanism of soil organic carbon.This study was conducted in order to estimate the effect of long-term fertilization on variation of soil organic carbon and discuss fertility,maintaining mode for sustainable land use.[Methods]The soil organic contents in a 34-years＇ long-term fertilization experiment in the upland fluvoaquic soil were investigated,and their balance characteristics,the relationship with C input from different treatments were calculated.The fertilization models include：no fertilizer control（CK）,inorganic nitrogen（N）,inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus combination（NP）,inorganic nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium combination（NPK）,inorganic nitrogen and organic manure combination（NM）,inorganic nitrogen and straw combination（NS）.[Results]After 34 years of fertilization,the soil organic carbon content in the combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers（NM,NS）,the chemical fertilizers（N,NP,NPK） and CK treatment are averagely increased by 52.9%,29.0%and 11.1%,respectively.SOC surplus was significantly different among different fertilization models.The SOC surplus in NM treatment was 6.61 t/hm2,which was significantly higher than others,that in NS treatment was 4.68 t/hm2,in CK was only 0.21 t/hm2.There was a strong positive linear correlation between sequestered amount of soil organic carbon and carbon input（r =0.86＊＊）,and the calculated annual transform rate of input carbon is about 8.5%in the fluvo-aquic soil,the least carbon input for maintaining the initial organic carbon level is about 0.04 t/（hm2·a）,There was a positive linear correlation between the yields of wheat（r=0.37＊＊） and maize（r =0.42＊＊） and the soil organic carbon levels in all treatments.[Conclusions]The soil organic carbon content has been increasing in the 34 years of experiment,including CK treatment,while the combined manure and ch

关 键 词：旱作潮土 长期施肥 碳投入 土壤有机碳平衡 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]