长期不同施肥下潮土磷素的演变特征  

Dynamics of phosphorus in Fluvo-aquic soil under long-term fertilization

作　　者：信秀丽[1] 钦绳武[1] 张佳宝[1] 朱安宁[1] 张丛志[1] 

机构地区：[1]封丘农田生态系统国家试验站土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2015年第6期1514-1520,共7页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA05050502;XDB15030302);国家自然科学基金项目(40901107);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203030-06)项目资助

摘　　要：【目的】研究在施磷量相等的条件下长期施用有机肥和化肥对潮土全磷、有效磷的演变的影响,为潮土地区农业生产和地力培育提供理论依据。【方法】以河南封丘的肥料长期定位试验(开始于1989年)为平台试验设置7个处理,即有机肥(OM)、1/2有机肥+1/2化肥(1/20M)、氮磷钾(NPK)、氮磷(NP)、磷钾(PK)、氮钾(NK)和不施肥处理(CK)分析比较了不同处理土壤的全磷、有效磷含量及两者比值的演变规律。【结果】所有施磷处理土壤全磷均与试验年份呈显著线性相关,1/2有机肥+1/2化肥、有机肥和氮磷钾处理土壤全磷年均增加量为0.0083、0.0081和0.011 g/kg;各处理2008~2010年3年平均土壤有效磷含量大小顺序为PK>OM>1/20M>NPK>NP>CK>NK施磷处理下试验进行的前11年土壤有效磷快速增加,以后达到稳定状态;有机肥处理和1/2有机肥+1/2化肥处理土壤有效磷与全磷的比值显著高于氮磷钾处理,试验20年后有机肥处理和1/2有机肥+1/2化肥处理有效磷/全磷是氮磷钾处理的1.9和1.4倍。磷素平衡与全磷及有效磷含量均达到了极显著相关相关系数分别为0.981和0.886。磷素盈亏每增加100 kg/hm2土壤全磷含量增加0.04 g/kg土壤有效磷含量增加约为2 mg/kg。试验20年后其他理化性质与土壤全磷、有效磷含量之间的相关关系均未达到显著水平。但土壤有机质和土壤全氮与有效磷/全磷的相关系数达到了显著水平,说明土壤有机质和全氮含量提高有利于土壤磷素的活化。【结论】土壤全磷和有效磷的演变都显著受磷素盈亏的影响。在每年P_2O_5投入量相当于135 kg/hm^2时施用化肥更加有利于潮土全磷含量的提高;经过21年的不同施肥处理,平衡施用化肥处理有效磷含量只能维持在7 mg/kg左右这一水平处于中低水平,依旧需要磷的投入才能维持作物的高产。施用有机肥可以在不增加施磷量的条件下增加作物可吸收利用的磷�[Objectives]In order to provide theoretical basis for agricultural production and soil fertility improvement,this study tried to investigate effect of a long-term（1989-2010） compost and mineral fertilizer application on dynamics of soil phosphorus in the North China Plain under condition of equal input of phosphorus fertilizer.[Methods]The long-term experiment consisted of seven treatments,organic compost（OM）,halforganic compost plus half-NPK mineral fertilizer（1 /2OM）,NPK,NP,PK,NK,and control（CK）.Soil total P and available P under different fertilization treatments were determined,and then the ratios of available P to total P were calculated.Impact factors on the phosphorus dynamics were investigated.[Results]There was a significant positive linear correlation between the soil total P contents under the P applied treatments and the years of the experiment.The average annual increments of total P under the 1/2OM,OM and NPK treatments were 0.0083g/kg,0.0081 g/kg and 0.011 g/kg,respectively.The order of 2008-2010 average soil available P in the different fertilization treatments was PK 〉OM〉 1/20 M〉 NPK〉 NP〉 CK〉 NK.The soil available P contents were increased quickly in the first 11 years,while the available P contents were relatively stable in the latter 10 years.The ratios of available P to total P of OM and 1 /2 OM were significantly higher than that of NPK,and the ratios of OM and 1/2 OM were 1.9 and 1.4 times of that under NPK.The P balance was correlated significantly with total P and available P,and the correlation coefficients were 0.981 and 0.886,respectively.Each 100 kg/hm2 increase in the P balance associated with 0.04 g/kg in soil total P content and 2 mg/kg in available P content.Other soil physico-chemical properties such as organic matter did not significantly relate to total P and available P.However,soil organic matter and total N significantly related to the ratio of available P to total P.[Conclusions]The P balance had strong influence on dynamics of soil total P and av

关 键 词：潮土 全磷 有效磷 有机肥 化肥 磷素平衡 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]