长期不同施肥模式红壤性水稻土磷素变化  

Variation of soil phosphorus under long-term fertilization in red paddy soil

作　　者：叶会财[1] 李大明[1] 黄庆海[1] 柳开楼[1] 余喜初[1] 徐小林[1] 周利军[1] 胡惠文[1] 王赛莲[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西省红壤研究所国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心,江西进贤331717

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2015年第6期1521-1528,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203030);公益性行业(水利)科研专项(201301050);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2011CB100501-S06);江西省科技支撑计划(20141BBF60050)资助

摘　　要：【目的】研究红壤性水稻土长期不同施肥模式下耕层土壤有效磷含量与全磷含量的变化特征,以及有效磷含量与累积磷盈亏的关系,分析不同形态磷肥对土壤磷素有效性影响的差异,找出最有效的红壤性水稻土磷素培肥施肥方式。【方法】供试土壤取自1981~2012年在江西进行的红壤双季稻稻田长期定位试验。试验自始至终保持水分、农药等日常田间管理与当地习惯相同,统一水稻品种并定期更换。试验设5个处理:施氮钾肥(NK);氮磷钾化肥(NPK);两倍氮磷钾化肥(NPK2);早稻氮磷钾化肥配施紫云英,晚稻氮磷钾化肥配施猪粪(NPKM);长期不施肥(CK)。分析了耕层土壤有效磷含量和全磷含量计算了有效磷增量与累积磷盈亏的相互关系。【结果】试验32年后对照土壤磷年均亏缺22.7 kg/hm2,有效磷含量在低水平下维持平衡;NK处理磷素年均亏缺27.9kg/hm2,显著高于不施肥处理,全磷含量缓慢降低32年累计降低了8.6%,有效磷含量呈持平趋势。NPK、NPK2、NPKM处理土壤磷素均有盈余,年均盈余量分别为33.3、39.0、41.0 kg/hm^2,全磷含量分别增加了32.1%、89.4%、165.1%,有效磷含量分别增加了2.2、6.9、15.3倍,年上升速率分别为0.30、1.18、1.79 mg/kg,有效磷增量与累积磷盈余呈显著正相关。NPK化肥配施有机肥处理不仅提高土壤有效磷及全磷的含量,还显著提高磷素有效性。水稻产量增加量随累积磷投入量和有效磷的增加而增加,前期增加较快后期增加较慢,有效磷含量具有明显的拐点,其值超过20 mg/kg后产量就增加缓慢。【结论】红壤性水稻土在双季稻种植模式下,长期不施磷肥处理土壤全磷含量缓慢降低,有效磷含量可维持低水平下的平衡。施磷处理土壤全磷含量,有效磷含量以及磷素有效性均呈上升趋势且无机磷肥与有机磷肥配施处理上升最快。无机磷肥与有机磷肥配合施用在提高土壤全磷含量的同[Objectives]The study was aimed to clarify the change of the total and available phosphorus contents in arable layer of red paddy soil under long-term fertilization practices,to find relationship between the available phosphorus content and the accumulation or loss of phosphorus,and find out the most effective fertilization method of improving yield and soil fertility.[Methods]The experiment was in a double rice cropping system and composed of different fertilization treatments：nitrogen and potassium（NK）,NPK fertilizer（NPK）,two times NPK fertilizer（NPK2）,NPK fertilizer with milk vetch in early rice and with pig manure in late rice（NPKM）,and no fertilizer（CK）.Irrigation and pesticide were applied following the local management practices,and rice cultivars were replaced periodically.The available and total phosphorus contents in top layer soils of the five fertilization treatments from 1981 to 2012 were analyzed.The relationship between incremental available phosphorus and the surplus or loss phosphorus amount was calculated.[Results]The annual average P deficiency of CK is 22.7kg/hm2,while the available phosphorus content maintains balance at a low level after 32 years.The annual P deficiency of the NK treatment is 27.9 kg/hm2,which is significantly higher than that of CK,and the total phosphorus content is reduced slowly by 8.6%after 32 years,while the available phosphorus is not changed.The average annual P surplus of the NPK,NPK2 and NPKM treatments are 33.3,39.0 and 41.0 kg/hm2,respectively,the total phosphorus contents are increased by 32.1%,89.4%and 165.1%,respectively,and the available phosphorus contents are increased by 2.2,6.9 and 15.3 times,respectively（the annual increase rates are 0.30,1.18 and 1.79 mg/kg,respectively）.The increases in the available phosphorus contents are significantly related to the accumulation or loss of phosphorus.Inorganic phosphate cooperated with organic phosphate can improve the soil total phosphorus content as well as the available phosphorus.The ri

关 键 词：红壤性水稻土 磷盈亏 有效磷 有机肥 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学] S511.42[农业科学—农业基础科学]