长期施肥褐土有效磷对磷盈亏的响应  

Response of Olsen-P to P balance in cinnamon soil under long-term fertilization

作　　者：杨振兴[1] 周怀平[1] 解文艳[1] 关春林[1] 车丽[2] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所,山西太原030031 [2]山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所,山西太原030031

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2015年第6期1529-1535,共7页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203030-08-03);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划(2011BAD09B01);山西省科技攻关项目(20130311009-3)资助

摘　　要：【目的】研究长期施肥条件下土壤磷素供应能力、累积状况与土壤有效磷变化速率,阐明土壤磷素累积与土壤有效磷的响应关系,为黄土高原旱作农业区科学施用磷肥提供理论依据。【方法】以农业部寿阳旱作农业示范区褐土肥力与肥料长期定位试验为研究平台,选择试验中9个处理进行研究分析,分别为不施肥处理(CK)、4个单施无机肥水平处理(N_1P_1、N_2P_2、N_3P_3、N-4P_4),3个有机无机肥配施水平处理(N_2P_1M_1、N_3P_2M_3、N-4P-2M_2)单施有机肥处理(N_0P_0M-6)。以5年一个周期测定土壤0-20 cm有效磷含量,明确土壤有效磷的变化规律。计算玉米收获后植株生物量以及测定磷含量得出作物携出量与磷素年累积量,分析不同施肥处理下土壤磷素盈亏与土壤有效磷的变化特征。【结果】长期不施用磷肥情况下,土壤磷素一直处于亏缺状态,有效磷年均下降速率为0.02mg/(kg·a)。单施无机肥后,随着磷肥投入量的增加,土壤有效磷随之增加,N_1P_1、N_2P_2、N_3P_3、N_4P_4处理年均增速分别为1.04、1.08、1.70和2.13 mg/(kg·a)。有机无机配施处理土壤有效磷普遍高于单施化学磷肥处理含量,N_2P_1M-1、N_3P_2M-3、N_4P_2M_2处理年均升高速率分别达1.70、3.73和4.72 mg/(kg·a)。单施高量有机肥N_0P_0M_6处理土壤中有效磷增速最高,年均升高5.63 mg/(kg·a)。长期不施肥导致土壤磷素亏欠,土壤中每亏缺P 100 kg/hm^2,土壤中有效磷含量平均降低0.5 mg/kg。施用无机肥条件下,土壤每累积P 100 kg/hm^2,土壤中有效磷含量可以平均提高4.3 mg/kg。有机无机配施有协同作用,其土壤P每累积100 kg/hm^2,土壤有效磷含量平均提高9.1 mg/kg。N_2P_1M_1处理为推荐施肥处理,即每年投入P_2O_5 65 kg/hm^2,后土壤有效磷增加最多,土壤每累积P100 kg/hm2,土壤中有效磷含量平均提高17.1 mg/kg。【结论】土壤有效磷随土壤磷素盈余而变化,同时与磷素投入量密�[Objectives]The study on the relation of soil phosphorus availability with phosphorous balance under long-term fertilization will provides theoretical basis for scientific application of phosphorus and keep sustainable high production efficiency in the dry farming area of loess plateau.[Methods]The study was based on the longterm fertilizer experiment of cinnamon soil in Shouyang County,Shanxi Province.Soil samples were collected from nine treatments：without fertilization（CK）,four single chemical fertilizer treatments（N1 P1,N-2P2,N-3P3 and N4P4）,three organic and inorganic fertilizer combination treatments（N2P1M-1,N3P2M3 and N4P2M2）,and one single manure treatment（N0P0M6）.The soil phosphorus contents in 0-20 cm layer were determined every 5 years,plant biomass was investigated in the same year after harvest,and the P contents in plants were determined.The amount removed by maize and the cumulative surplus of phosphorus were calculated.[Results]In the long-term without P fertilizer input,the soil phosphorus is in a deficit state with annual decline rate of 0.02 mg/（kg. a）.With only chemical fertilizer input,soil available phosphorus contents have been increased with the increased exogenous P input,the annual increment in treatments（N1P1,N2P2,N3P-3 and N4P4） are 1.04,1.08,1.70 and2.13 mg/（kg. a）.With combined use of manure and chemical fertilizers（treatments N1P1M1,N3P2M3 and N4P2M2）,the annual soil Phosphorus increments are 1.70,3.73 and 4.72 mg/（kg. a）,that with only manure is in 5.63 mg/（kg. a）.Long-term no fertilizer input leads to the deficit of soil phosphorus,every annual deficit of P100 kg/hm2 will result in an average decrease of available phosphorus content of 0.5 mg/kg.With the continuous manure input,soil P is in state of accumulation,every increase accumulation of P2O5 100 kg/hm2 will lead to average increase of 4.3 mg/kg of available P2O5.Manure and chemical fertilizers have synergistic effect,the every P increase of 100 kg/hm2 will lead to average increase of

关 键 词：褐土 长期施肥 磷盈亏 有效磷 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学] S143.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]