施肥对北疆一年两作模式土壤质量的影响  

Effects of fertilizer application on soil fertility quality of winter wheat/summer silage maize rotation system

作　　者：王平[1] 胡明芳[1] 田长彦[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第12期112-118,共7页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD29B06);国家自然科学基金项目(41171247)

摘　　要：【目的】研究北疆绿洲灌区一年两熟条件下施用不同肥料对土壤质量的影响。【方法】以冬小麦品种新冬22号、青贮玉米品种克单9号为供试材料,试验设5个施肥处理:(1)不施肥处理(对照,CK);(2)常规施肥处理(Tr),在冬小麦生长季施用纯氮462kg/hm2、纯磷(P2O5)65kg/hm2、纯钾(K2O)54kg/hm2,在青贮玉米生长季施用纯氮414kg/hm2、纯磷(P2O5)63kg/hm2、纯钾(K2O)77kg/hm2;(3)常规施肥+油渣处理(以下简称油渣处理,CC),即在常规施肥处理的基础上施用油渣4.5t/hm2;(4)常规施肥+腐殖酸处理(以下简称腐殖酸处理,Ha),即在常规施肥处理基础上施用腐殖酸肥料3.0t/hm2;(5)常规施肥+牛粪处理(以下简称牛粪处理,CM),即在常规施肥处理基础上施用腐熟风干牛粪22.5t/hm2,分析不同施肥处理对冬小麦-夏青贮玉米种植模式下土壤有机质、无机氮、有效磷、有效钾含量和pH的影响。【结果】与常规施肥处理(Tr)相比,油渣处理(CC)显著提高了冬小麦返青期和收获后土壤有效磷含量;腐殖酸处理(Ha)显著提高了冬小麦返青期和收获后土壤有效磷含量;牛粪处理(CM)显著提高了冬小麦返青期土壤无机氮、有效磷、有效钾含量,冬小麦收获后土壤有机质、有效磷含量,青贮玉米收获后土壤有效磷、有效钾含量;与对照相比,常规施肥处理土壤pH值呈上升趋势,而油渣(CC)、腐殖酸(Ha)、牛粪(CM)处理均能够降低土壤pH值,其中牛粪和腐殖酸处理土壤pH值降低幅度较大。【结论】在常规施肥基础上施用不同有机肥均能够显著提高一年两熟土壤的肥力特征,而且施用牛粪的效果优于施用油渣和腐殖酸。【Objective】Effect of application of different fertilizers on soil fertility quality under double cropping condition in Northern Xinjiang oasis irrigation areas was investigated.【Method】The field research tested winter wheat Xindong 22 and maize Kedan 9.Five fertilization treatments were included：1.no fertilizer（CK）;2.traditional fertilizer（Tr）;3.traditional fertilizer＋cottonseed cake（CC）;4.traditional fertilizer＋humic acid fertilizer（Ha）;and 5.traditional fertilizer＋cattle manure（CM）.Then the effects on organic carbon（OM）,Nmin,Olsen-P,available-K,and pH were analyzed.【Result】Compared to Tr treatment,CC treatment significantly increased soil Olsen-P of winter wheat at re-green and harvest periods.Ha treatment significantly increased soil Olsen-P of winter wheat at re-green and harvest periods.CM treatment significantly increased soil OM,Nmin,Olsen-P,and available-K of winter wheat at re-green period,soil OM and Olsen-P of winter wheat at harvest period,as well as Olsen-P and Available-K at silage harvestperiod.Tr treatment increased soil pH,while CC,Ha and CM treatments reduced soil pH.CM and Ha treatments led to larger reduction in pH than CC.【Conclusion】Overall,the application of different organic manures in addition to conventional fertilization significantly improved the fertility characteristics of soil in double cropping system.CM was better than CC and HA treatments.

关 键 词：一年两熟 土壤质量 有机肥 腐殖酸 

分 类 号：S147.21[农业科学—肥料学] S153.6[农业科学—农业基础科学]