黄河下游平原地质环境退化及与地下水开采关系研究  

Researchon the Causality between Geological Environment Degenerating and Groundwater Sustainable Exploitation in the Yellow River Downriver Plain

作　　者：杨丽芝[1] 王雪琼[2,3] 刘春华[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省地质调查院,山东济南250013 [2]山东科技大学,山东青岛266510 [3]青岛地质工程勘察院,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《西北地质》2015年第4期226-233,共8页Northwestern Geology

基　　金：国家"973"计划重点课题"海河流域水循环演变机理与水资源高效利用"(2006CB403401);中国地质调查局大调查项目"山东地下水污染调查评价"(1212010634603)

摘　　要：自20世纪50年代末以来,黄河下游平原地质环境不断退化,产生了地面沉降、地裂缝、海咸水入侵、咸水界面下移等环境地质问题。这些问题的产生是由近60年来该区地下水过量开采所致。至21世纪,黄河下游平原地下水总开采量由不足20×10~8 m^3/a增至近52×10~8 m^3/a,超出地下水可利用资源量42×10~8m^3/a。通过大量数据分析,笔者认为黄河下游平原地质环境退化与地下水长期超量开采和不合理的开采布局有关。地下水长期超量开采和不合理的开采布局,使地下水位持续下降,地下水位降落漏斗持续扩展,环境地质问题频发,地质环境不断恶化。有效遏止地质环境的进一步退化,需从合理开发利用地下水入手,修复和涵养平原地区地下水系统。Since the end of 1950 s,the geological environment is degenerating continuously,caused a series of geological environment problems,such as land subsidence,ground fissure,seawater or salty-water encroachment,and downward movement of saline-fresh water interface.All these problems were caused by the exceeded exploitation of groundwater during lately 60 years.At the 21 century,the quantity of groundwater exploitation is fleetly increased from 20 ×10^8m^3/a to 52×10^8m^3/a,which exceeds the available amount of groundwater 42×10^8m^3/a in the Yellow River Downriver Plain.Because of long time extra-exploitation and irrational exploiting distribution,the groundwater table kept descending,the cone of groundwater depression kept spread.Thus,theenvironment accidents are frequent appeared,the quality of geological environment is deteriorating.In order to preventthe further deteriorating of geological environment,the groundwater must be reasonably developed in the present condition,and the groundwater system in plain area must be rehabilitated and conserved.

关 键 词：黄河下游平原 地质环境 退化 地下水开采 

分 类 号：P66[天文地球—地质学]