基于科学的创新研究——以诺贝尔奖科学成果到商业产品为例  

Science-based innovation: The commercialization of Nobel prizes

作　　者：张庆芝[1] 段勇倩 雷家骕[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院,北京100049 [2]清华大学经济管理学院,北京100084

出　　处：《科学学研究》2015年第12期1770-1778,1866,共10页Studies in Science of Science

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目(12AZD061);国家自然科学基金项目(71272160);教育部科技委战略研究重大项目(KJW-A-1410)

摘　　要：随着化学、生物、新材料等产业的崛起,科学对创新的推动作用越来越显著。本文以诺贝尔奖科学成果到商业产品过程为切入点,研究基于科学的创新。结果显现,随时代的变迁,商业化的诺奖成果呈现上升趋势,自2000年后已有14个诺奖成果被商业化;51.2%的科学发现诞生于大学,18.97%的科学发现诞生于公共机构;平均而言,诺奖成果从科学发现到商业产品的时间间隔为17.61年;最后本文提炼了三种基于科学的创新模式,分别为"企业主导的创新模型"、"企业与大学或公共机构合作的创新模式"、"新创企业转化成果的创新模式"。As the rise of chemistry,biology,new materials and other industries,the role of science to innovation becomes increasingly significant. This paper is to analyze science-based innovation by using the cases from the Nobel Prize achievements. The results show that,the proportion of commercialized Nobel Prize sciences was increased by decades. Since 2000,there are fourteen Nobel Prize achievements have been commercialized. 51. 2% of scientific discovery was born in the University,17. 61% of scientific discovery was born in public institutions. On average,there are 17. 61 years from scientific discovery to commercialize. At last,we refined three science-based innovation model. Model one is ＂enterprises dominant the innovation＂; Model two is ＂both enterprises and university or public institutions participate in the innovation＂; Model three is ＂the spin-off participate in the innovation＂.

关 键 词：基于科学的创新 商业化过程 创新模式 诺贝尔奖 

分 类 号：G301[文化科学] F403.6[经济管理—产业经济]