叶面喷施钾、钙和镁肥对三月红荔枝果皮着色的影响  

Effects of spraying K and Ca and Mg foliar fertilizers on pericarp coloring of Litchi chinensis Sonn. cv Sanyuehong

作　　者：高丹[1] 周晓超[1] 苏阳[1] 周开兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南大学园艺园林学院,海口570228

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2015年第10期1849-1855,共7页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31160383)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨叶面喷施钾(K)、钙(Ca)和镁(Mg)肥对三月红荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sonn.cv Sanyuehong)果皮着色的调节效果,为制定三月红荔枝合理施肥技术措施提供参考依据。【方法】以三月红荔枝成年树为试材,观测叶面喷施0.5%KCl(K)、0.3%Ca Cl2(Ca)和1.5%Mg Cl2(Mg)及三者混合液对其果皮的着色效果,分析叶面喷施K、Ca和Mg肥对三月红荔枝果皮着色的调节机制。【结果】三月红荔枝果实在生长发育过程中,各喷肥处理的果皮色度角(h)值和果皮叶绿素含量总体上呈下降趋势,果皮a值(红绿色差)和果皮花色素苷含量总体上呈上升趋势;不同喷肥处理的果皮h值动态变化趋势在果实发育后期存在差异,其中Ca+Mg处理在4月27日降至最低(40.088)并显著低于喷清水的对照(CK)(P<0.05,下同)直至4月30日,而其余处理的果皮h值在此期间均显著下降,Ca处理在4月30日显著低于其他处理和CK。一元线性相关分析结果表明,喷施Ca、Mg肥及其混合肥可通过显著影响花色素苷和叶绿素含量来实现对果皮转红发育的调节。【结论】三月红荔枝叶面喷施Ca和Mg混合液能促进其果皮提前着色,解决果皮滞绿问题,促进果实提早成熟和采收,可在生产上推广应用。[Objective]The effects of spraying K and Ca and Mg foliar fertilizers on pericarp＇s coloring were investi- gated, in order to provide reference basis for formulating rational fertilization technique of Litcb chinensis Sonn. cv Sanyuehong（Sanyuehong for short）. [Method]K fertilizer（0.5% KCl）, Ca fertilizer（0.3% CaCl2）, Mg fertilizer（1.5% Mg- Cl2） and their mixtures were sprayed on leaf surface of Sanyuehong full-grown trees, respectively, then pericarp coloring effect were observed, and the regulatory mechanisms of K and Ca and Mg foliar fertilizers for pericarp coloring were stud- ied. [ Result ]After different fertilizer treatments, the hue value （h-value） and chlorophyll content of pericarp, showed de- creasing trend in the growth and development of Sanyuehong fruits on the whole, while the anthocyan content and aberra- tion between red and green（a-value） of pericarp showed increasing trends on the whole. Furthermore, there were differ- ences in dynamic changes of pericarp h-value at later stage of fruit development between different fertilizer treatments. Above all, after combined application of Ca and Mg fertilizers, the h-value of pericarp dropped to the lowest value （40.088） on 27 April, which was significantly lower than that of CK （49.938）（P〈0.05,the same below）and then didn＇t significantly change until 30 April. However, during this period, the h-value of pericarp significantly decreased. More- over, after Ca fertilizer treatment, the h-value of pericarp was lower than those of other treatments and CK on 30 April. And the unary linear correlation analysis results showed that Ca fertilizer, Mg fertilizer and their mixed fertilizers could reg- ulate pericarp to turn red by influencing anthocyan and chlorophyll contents. [ Conclusion ]Spraying mixed fertilizer of Ca and Mg fertilizers on tree leaf of Sanyuehong can promote pericarp coloring early and fruit ripening, so as to solve stay- green problem and harvest early. Therefore, this mixed fertilizer can be applied

关 键 词：三月红荔枝 叶面喷肥 K Ca Mg 果皮着色 

分 类 号：S667.1[农业科学—果树学]