施肥对宁夏盐化土壤油用向日葵产量与品质的影响  

Effect of Fertilization on Yield and Quality of Oil Sunflower in Salted Soil of Ningxia, China

作　　者：钱寅[1] 何进宇[2] 何文寿[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,宁夏银川750021 [3]西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2015年第6期565-570,共6页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31160416);国家科技支撑计划课题(2011BAD29B07-05)

摘　　要：采用田间试验和测试分析相结合的方法,在宁夏银北盐化耕地设置油用向日葵氮磷钾肥效试验,探讨不同氮磷钾肥配比对油用向日葵干物质积累、养分吸收、产量与品质等的影响,为盐化土壤调控施肥和提高油用向日葵籽实产量与品质提供科学依据。结果表明,在盐化土壤条件下,氮磷钾肥处理的油用向日葵更具株型优势,其千粒重、单株结葵数、单株产量和籽粒产量明显增加,在氮磷钾肥基础上增加有机肥的处理还可明显提高氮磷钾的吸收量。同时,施用氮磷钾肥可使油用向日葵籽实脂肪含量增加,蛋白质含量下降,还可增加油酸和硬脂酸含量,降低亚油酸和棕榈酸含量。油用向日葵每形成100 kg籽实所需吸收氮（N）、磷（P2O5）、钾（K2O）分别为6.1～9.6、3.2～3.8、12.3～13.7 kg,其比例约为1∶0.40～0.55∶1.43～2.09,平均为1∶0.49∶1.79。Combining field trial with test analysis, a nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P2O5） and potassium （K2O） fertilizer experiment of oil sun- flowers was set to explore the influence of different ratio of N, P, K fertilizer on dry matter accumulation of oil sunflowers, nutrient absorption and accumulation, the yield and quality, etc in salted soil of the northern Ningxia, in order to provide scientific evidence for regulating and controlling of fertilization in the salted soil and enhancing the yields and quality of oil sunflowers. The results showed that： in the salted soil, the plant which had been disposed by N, P, K fertilizer had more advantages, the 1000-grain weight, fruit quantity of each oil sunflower and yield per plant and hectare all increased significantly. Treatment of adding the organic fertilizer on the basis of N, P, K fertilizer could also in- crease the amount of N, P, K absorption significantly. At the same time, the application of N, P, K fertilizer would increase the fat content and reduce the protein, increase the oleic acid and stearic acid, reduce the content of linoleic acid and palmitic acid. The needs of nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （ P2O5 ） and potassium （ K2O ） absorption of oil sunflower seeds were averagely 6.1 ～9.6, 3.2 ～ 3.8 kg and 12.3 - 13.7 kg, about 1：0.40～0.55：1.43～2.09 in ratio, 1：0.49：1.79 averagely in ratio.

关 键 词：盐化土壤 油用向日葵 氮磷钾肥 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S147.21[农业科学—肥料学]