改性氧化钙催化三组分反应制备生物柴油  

Tri-Component Reaction for Biodiesel Production Catalyzed by Modified CaO

作　　者：汤颖[1] 沈愽 王姗姗[1] 周瑞[1] 张洁[1] 何鸣元[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安石油大学化学化工学院,陕西西安710065 [2]中国石化石油化工科学研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《石油学报（石油加工）》2015年第6期1301-1308,共8页Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21306149);陕西省教育厅科研计划项目(2013JK0646);西安石油大学研究生创新基金项目(2013cx120735)资助

摘　　要：建立了CaO催化的菜籽油-碳酸二甲酯-甲醇三组分双酯交换法同步制备生物柴油和碳酸甘油酯新体系。对该体系的反应条件进行了优化,结合对反应体系中化合物极性的分析,采用硅烷化试剂对商业CaO进行表面改性,考察了改性CaO催化新体系制备生物柴油的性能。结果表明,在催化剂用量为油质量的15%、油/酯/醇摩尔比1/1/8、反应温度65℃、反应时间8h的条件下,生物柴油产率可达94.8%;与CaO催化该反应制备生物柴油产率37.2%相比,以0.1%三氯十八烷基硅烷改性的CaO催化该反应的速度显著提高,达到相同产率的反应时间缩短了3h,且反应体系耐水性显著提高,在2%(质量分数)含水体系中,生物柴油产率仍能保持82%以上,所制备的生物柴油各项主要物理化学性能指标均达到欧洲生物柴油标准。改性CaO的FT-IR表征结果表明,改性剂以化学方式结合在CaO表面。A new method for simultaneous production of biodiesel and glycerol carbonate was established in a tri-component reaction system of rapeseed oil-dimethy carbonate-methanol. According to the reaction results, the highest biodiesel yield, 94.8% was obtained at the optimal reaction conditions of catalyst dosage 15% （the mass of oil）, the molar ratio of rapeseed oil to dimethy carbonate to methanol of 1/1/8, reaction time 8h and reaction temperature 65℃. Based on the analysis of the polarity of the related compounds in this reaction, commercial CaO was modified with silane agent in a chemical way. It was found that the reaction time to reach the highest biodiesel yield under same react conditions was greatly shortened by 3 h catalyzed by 0.1% octadecyltrichlorosilane modified CaO, compared to unmodified CaO. Furthermore, the water resistance of the reaction system by using modified CaO as catalyst was greatly improved, and over 82 % yield of biodiesel could be still obtained even 2% water contained in the reaction system with the main properties meeting the European standard, while only 37.2% biodiesel yield obtained by using commercial CaO as catalyst. The characterizations of FT-IR indicated that the modifier connected with CaO surface chemically.

关 键 词：三组分反应 表面改性 氧化钙 生物柴油 

分 类 号：TK6[动力工程及工程热物理—生物能] TQ645[化学工程—精细化工]