美国文学批评家艾尔弗雷德·卡津的批评观  

A Review of Alfred Kazin's Literary Criticism

作　　者：魏燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学外国语学院,江苏南京210097

出　　处：《南京师范大学文学院学报》2015年第4期128-133,共6页Journal of School of Chinese Language and Culture Nanjing Normal University

基　　金：第46批"留学回国人员科研启动基金"资助;"江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目"

摘　　要：20世纪下半叶,随着文学理论在美国大学的兴起,文学研究逐步走向科学化,从前的杂志编辑、专栏作家纷纷遁入校园,成了大学里的学术权威,文学评论的社会影响力锐减。以艾尔弗雷德·卡津为首的一些美国批评家反对文学研究的理论化潮流,他们强调文学批评应当发掘文学之美,应当正视社会现实、尊重传统道德。卡津认为文学批评是思想争鸣的体现,概念与术语的使用主要为思想服务,反之则为舍本求末之举。其次,文学研究的重要任务是以审美的方式揭示社会现实,不应只在逻辑与推理中打转。应以"文学性"为中心,结合艺术直觉、历史意识和传统道德,多维度、宽视角的立体投射,研究文学作品。卡津还通过考察美国人"自我意识"的流变,指出当代美国文化最突出的问题就是自我膨胀、缺乏信仰。卡津的批评观最重要的特点就是以理解人为目的,通过批评家的感悟与彼此交流,力求探索人的自由的可能性与社会现实之间的张力。The rapid spread of literary theory at American universities in the late 20th century led to the transformation of critics who turned from humble interpreters of literature to authoritative figures of academic research. Confronted with such situation, Alfred Kazin emphasized on the significance of traditional morality and artistic beauty in literature. The appreciation of literature can only be attained first by personal reading and private perception, then by intensive probe and extensive rebuttal, and last but not least, by the preserva- tion and innovation of traditional morality. Through decades of investigation in the literary field, Kazin finally reached the conclusion that probing into the sense of self is the only reliable way to reveal the reality of a socie- ty. In fact, the key point in Kazin＇ s literary criticism is to understand human beings so as to strike the bal- ance between individual freedom and social justice.

关 键 词：艾尔弗雷德·卡津 思想争鸣 自我意识 

分 类 号：I109.9[文学—世界文学]